Database Vs. Database Technology - 6492 Words

Once data are collected and integrated, they are stored in effective formats to facilitate their efficient and easy retrieval. For such purposes, the concept of the database has been utilised. A database is referred to as â€Å"the collection of related data, which are organised so that useful information may be extracted† (Wiederhold, 1980). Databases provide a single and comprehensive place for storing data. A collection of various paper-based files and electronic spreadsheets or files containing similar types of information are also categorised as databases. However, databases are considered effective not only because relevant data can be stored in a comprehensive and single format but also because they can be linked in an effective way to†¦show more content†¦However, within a multidimensional database, the data items are stored within tables called fact and dimension tables (Ponniah, 2001), where dimension tables provide detailed information about each entity and fact tables provide ‘facts’ that can be single or multiple and referred to as important data attributes within dimension tables. These data attributes have numerical or calculated values (Browning and Mundy, 2001). For example, in the DCM data warehouse one fact might concern the wellbeing of people with dementia, which can be explored from various dimensions related to the particular gender, area, care setting, age group and no of mappings (Khalid, 2010). According to their uses, databases are also classified as transactional databases and data warehouses. A transactional database is optimised for capturing and storing data that are transacted into the system on a regular basis (Choudhuri, 2014). A relational database supports these transactions; therefore, transactional databases usually have data organised in a relational format to optimise quick data entry and storage. On the other hand, data warehouses support historic and integrated data storage that is optimised for reporting and analysis purposes. In order to make the data retrieval easy and

Bi Polar Disorder (Psychological Disorders - Manic...

The severe mood fluctuations of bipolar or manic-depressive disorders have been around since the 16-century and affect little more than 2% of the population in both sexes, all races, and all parts of the world (Harmon 3). Researchers think that the cause is genetic, but it is still unknown. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because the symptoms of bipolar disorder are so debilitation, it is crucial that we search for possible treatments and cures. The characteristics of bipolar disorder are significant shifts in mood that go from manic episodes to deep depressive episodes in a up and down trip that†¦show more content†¦In 1995, Depakote was approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar disorder and is slowing becoming the most widely prescribed drug for the use on mania. Depakote hasnt totally replaced lithium; however, it is being used on patients that were not previously treatable with lithium. Compared with lithium, Depakote doesnt have all the bad side effects when properly administered. Patients taking Depakote find their thinking is clearer and dont seems to have the kidney and thyroid problems (Burns 104-106). The antipsychotic drug Clozaril also has been used to stabilize the moods of bipolar disorders, especially those that have not responded to lithium and the anticonvulsants. One major side effect of Clozaril is that is suppresses the production of white blood cells on about 1% of patients (Harvard Menta l Health Letter, June 1997). Because of this side effect, doctors have to be extremely careful when prescribing. One of the major problems when treating clients with pharmaceutical agents, however, is that during manic stages the euphoria they experience is so enjoyable that they discontinue their medication during the low stages of depression in an attempt to bring that high back again. Also when one goes off of the medication given to them the disorder may actually get worse. They can cause more episodesShow MoreRelatedPsychological Disorder740 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Disorder Paper Psy/450 University of Phoenix Amanda Kettinger 3 July 2010 Psychological Disorder Many mental disorders vary from person to person and in its on severity. All disorders have both a physical and psychological components. Abnormal behavior is difficult to define. Behavior may also be evaluated by whether it conforms to social rules and cultural norms, an approach that avoids reproachful nonconformists as irregular for behavior that, although strange, mayRead MoreA Polar Disorder Is A Serious Mental Affliction2016 Words   |  9 Pages Bi-Polar Disorder is a serious mental affliction that has been and is being neglected severely. It is one of those illness that can change someone s life drastically. It is important to know the history of it, how it s diagnosed, how it s treated, and what are the signs that someone needs help. Bringing awareness to this affliction may prevent someone s harm or death, or better yet allow someone to know when they need help. Manic-Depression Illness, or Bi-Polar Disorder as we know it, wasRead More Bipolar Disorder: Cause Of Great Madness Or Great Genius? Essay2672 Words   |  11 PagesIs bipolar disorder the cause of great madness or great genius? 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A dominant theme in our society is that you should be happy, and if you are not, there is something wrong with you. Life can be difficult at times and people do not seem to realize that everyone has different circumstances. There are about 15 million Americans that battle the disease of depression. Our society is in the throes of a virtual epidemic of depression (Psychology today). Depression is the most commonRead MoreThe Guest Speaker1438 Words   |  6 Pagesreminded me of several people in my family had they been treated for their own disorders? She was quirky and organically funny and that made it easy to listen to her story and empathize with her. From her I learned that if handled correctly people who have Bi-polar disorder can go years without a manic phase. This has always been a gray area for me, the only person I’ve even been in contact with that had bipolar disorder was my cousin and he never reall y stayed on his meds longer than a few monthsRead MoreSocial And Legal Issues Surrounding Bipolar Disorder1683 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder is a psychological diagnosis that tends to present episodes of depression and mania, thus the name manic-depression (Corry, 2010). This brain disorder causes strange mood changes, changes in routine activities and energy shifts. People suffering from bipolar disorder tend to exhibit instances of antisocial and violent behavior as they relate to people; this makes them extremely volatile and dangerous both to themselves and those close to them (Rose, 2007). The following

Les Misérables. Victor Hugo. New York Modern Library Essay Example For Students

Les Misà ©rables. Victor Hugo. New York: Modern Library Essay Les Misà ©rables is a novel written by Victor Hugo, a well-known writer. It was first published during the early 1860s, in France, yet its popularity still remains strong. Although this work of fiction speaks of the Paris uprising hundreds of years ago, the theme of good and evil, laws and beliefs in the novel is still relevant to the current time. One can clearly see Victor Hugo depicting the struggle which many had to face during the uprising in Paris within this novel – this was probably the images which the author wishes to deliver to his readers. This story is set in France during the early years of the 19th centuries (roughly from 1815 to 1835). During that period, the laws were strict, one of those who suffered from this was Jean Valjean. Jean Valjean was convicted 5 long years for breaking a window and stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister and nephews. His years of imprisonment had lengthened to 19 years as he attempted to escape a number of times. When Jean Valjean was finally given freedom, after the 19 years of being a convict, he was given a yellow passport. As a result, he continued to suffer the condemnation from the society. Consequently, he grew bitter and grew hatred for the world. However, during his parole, Jean Valjean met the Bishop of D., who had given shelter and food. It was then, the Bishop’s kindness had shown him the path to good deeds. However, out of old habits, Jean Valjean had accidently stolen a 40 sous coin from a chimney sweeper unconsciously. Such act of thievery had once again, plac ed him under the constant pursue by the police and it was certain that he will be a convict for life if caught. However, a number of years had passed, Jean Valjean who was then Monsieur Madeline, became very successful, his business was flourishing and his act of kindness towards the people during those years had given him the rank of Mayor. Javert, a police officer of the high rank, a man who had believed and followed the law his whole life was the only person who had grown suspicions for Monsieur the Mayor. Quite some time had passed before Jean Valjean met a women name Fantine, a woman with a tragic story. She was married to a man named Fà ©lix Tholomyà ¨s, who later left her and Cosette, their little girl. Being poor during that time, Fantine had to place Cosette under the care of the Thà ©nardiers. Cosette was unfortunately abused by them – at the age of 5, she had become the servant of the Thà ©nardier family. Unaware of this situation, Fantine continued to send the sum she promised the Thà ©nardiers and completed all of their demands. When Jean Valjean met Fantine, her healt h was at a horrible state so he took her in his care and promised that he will bring Cosette back to her. During that time, a man who was thought be Jean Valjean was arrested. Seeing the situation, Monsieur Madeline had confessed and showed his true identity. As a result, Javert had then arrested Jean Valjean in front of Fantine and taken aback by the truth and her suffering health, she drew her last breath. Jean Valjean managed to escape and find Fantine’s daughter, who then was at the age of 8. He immediately took Cossette under his care despites the Thà ©nardier’s disapproval as they wanted more money. However wonderful the situation seemed to have turned out, Jean Valjean continued to live his life in hiding with Cossette. Only in the last moment in his life, did Jean Valjean saw a glimpse of happiness. .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 , .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .postImageUrl , .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 , .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5:hover , .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5:visited , .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5:active { border:0!important; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5:active , .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5 .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufea29f36c526eb12cca93f2651d4a6c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Hard Times EssayThe goal of this novel is to portray the good and evil nature in human and most importantly, the struggles which many had in their lives. The title clearly indicated this with Les Misà ©rables meaning the miserable ones. The book mentions of war, the struggle many had in their own society and the theme of good and evil, love and hatred was also clearly shown. Out of all of this, in my personally opinion, the book has one main message that could be developed if the goal is well accomplished. It is a message of understanding, sympathizing and showing compassion towards all of those around us. In other word, to live a life without any regret. The author has been very successful about achieving this goal as I was able to clearly see this message and understand it. Within this novel, Cosette is a character that readers are suppose to be able to sympathize with, at least that is what reader would think giving her tragic childhood. However, Hugo’s portray of Cosette had left this character surprisingly flat. The character displayed a combination of ignorant and fickleness and shallow practically sums up her character. Perhaps this is what the author is trying to portray but one can never tell. Les Misà ©rables is a novel that contains a wide range of subject to portray the complexity of human mind, their urge, their needs, their beliefs, and their purpose in life. Therefore, there are a number of comparisons one can make. However, one of the clearest comparison falls into the romance category as the author had compared Marius to Romeo. This helps one see that the love between Marius and Cosette could be in some way compared to the love between Romeo and Juliet. Their love is similar to Romeo and Juliet as there were some refusals from their guardians and their passion is also as shallow. However, different from Romeo and Juliet, Marius and Cosette are not as endearing. Nevertheless, they make a good couple sharing a common characteristic of ungratefulness and ignorant. Cosette, as stated above, was a lovable character as a young child but as she grew older, Cosette developed certain attribution that makes her character dislikable. Marius had developed this characteristic as well but such quality is not reflected as clear as Cosette within this novel. There are little which seems unrealistic and unconvincing within this novel. However, Jean Valjean appears to be too good to be true by the end of the book where he confessed everything to Marius and asked for his forgiveness. He knew very well that he is the savior of Marius life, he has done nothing but good to Marius. In addition, Jean Valjean had been a father and again a savior to Cosette. A saint – one might call him. Therefore, his humbleness seems to be out of place. One knew that he was good, one knew that he was conscious of his fault in the pass but such over-display of saintliness will leave one puzzle. Jean Valjean is too saintly that he lacks that instinctive characteristic that defines all human, that instinct of yearning for pleasure and avoidance of pain. This is a wonderful novel that everyone must read. I do not recommend it but urge you to read this work of fiction as it sends an important message that everyone can relate to.

McDonalds Research Proposal Essay Example

McDonalds Research Proposal Essay The proposed research project aims to assess the feasibility of establishing a McDonald’s franchised restaurant in the village of Gstaad, Switzerland. In accordance with this report’s scope and scale, the analysis comprises both internal and external factors, while giving special emphasis on McDonald’s unique position, abilities and experience in the fast food market. Research QuestionsTwo main questions will be handled in this research: What relevant evidences can support or discourage the feasibility of establishing a profitable McDonald’s restaurant in Gstaad? Based on the findings, should McDonald’s establish a restaurant in Gstaad? Theoretical frameworkIn order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research questions, this multidisciplinary research will deal with theories and practices from several fields. These include marketing concepts and methods, strategic management issues and financial evaluation models. In-depth research about the market, the organization and the economic environment will also serve as theoretical input for this study. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds Research Proposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds Research Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds Research Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer MethodologyThe study will be composed from three analyses. The marketing analysis, which serves as the most important bulk of this paper’s theoretical framework, involves specific factors regarding the industry and the market in question, including consumer characteristics and behavior, competitive environment and so on. The managerial viewpoint will focus on the company’s ability and means to carry on the project. Finally, a financial analysis will try to define the main operational and financial results, which apply to the feasibility of the proposed business opportunity. Both the primary and the secondary research should be based on existing concepts, raw data and generally accepted business planning and evaluation models. This is due to apparent lack of comprehensive experience of McDonald’s or any of its immediate competitors in Gstaad, the Canton of Berne or any other comparable site in Switzerland. As McDonald’s is highly protective as to its business practices, cooperation from the company is not anticipated. Therefore, the primary research will be based on meta-analysis of available data and insights from the academic literature, market research databases and few reliable Internet sources. Anticipated difficultiesAs discussed earlier, any attempt to use subjective insights is futile, while the objective data available is not complete. Hence, it should be expected that more than a few insights will have to be estimated. Finally, due to the narrow scope of this plan and the extremely small market in question, the author’s own judgment is highly decisive. Action planThe research schedule will composed from several consecutive steps: Data collection and evaluation Secondary research, including writing a draft for the theoretical part Primary research, including preliminary evaluations, charts and conclusions Writing a final draft for the research paper Revision and proofreading Acknowledgments I would like to thank†¦. Do you need a high-quality written by academic experts? Don’t hesitate to contact professional research proposal writing service.

Modern Monetary Policy

Introduction Globalization has made the world a global village and thus any country’s economy is affected both by its internal monetary policies and those of other countries it interacts with. Depending on the way these monetary policies are made they can work toward developing the economy of one country to the detriment of the others or promote economic growth in both the country where they are enacted and to other trading countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Monetary Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United States of America has experienced economic expansion for a very long period (from 1990 to 2000) until the last half of the year 2000 when the country’s economy growth became slow and sluggish. In order to contain the slow growth and improve the economy of the country â€Å"the Federal Reserve between mid-1999 and May 2000 raised the target for the federal funds rate to 6  ½ % from 4 ¾ %†( Labonte Makinen 7). his did not auger well as the economy growth continued to decline and thus the policies had to be loosened in order to allow more production and spending for the economy to grow. Government policies that are aimed at controlling the supply of money in the market through the Central Bank make up monetary policies. In the legislation and enacting of monetary policies several bodies coordinate together in order to achieve an acceptable money supply as not only does it affect the country’s economy but also other countries economies, which trades with the United States of America. The major banks making policies in the United States of America are however two (both the nation’s Central Bank and the Federal Reserve). In relation to the United States of America, we can define monetary policies as those policies that â€Å"consist of the directives, policies, pronouncements, and actions of the Federal Reserve that affect aggreg ate demand or national spending† (Labonte Makinen 8). Monetary policies works at either increasing or decreasing the supply of the money in the market influencing how trade and spending goes on within a country. The only unfair characteristic of monetary policies is that they are short term in nature since their enactments are usually designed only to solve a short term crisis. In short the monetary policy tries to solve economic crisis and once the normal economic environment is regained the monetary policies are also adjusted to suit the situation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Monetary policies try to solve macro economic issues such as spending, income levels, unemployment, and inflation among other macroeconomic factors. Evidence showing monetary polices trends can be described by the fact that: Between January 3, 2001, and June 25, 2003, the target rate for fe deral funds was reduced to 1% from 6 ½%. This policy was reversed beginning June 30, 2004. In 17 equal increments of  ¼% ending on June 29, 2006, the target rate was raised to 5 ¼% from a base of 1%. No additional changes were made at the three subsequent meetings. (Labonte Makinen 4) In order to understand how monetary policies work it is advisable to understand its two indicators. Indicators of Monetary Policy Money Supply A common market rule is that when the supply of a commodity decreases its demand increases resulting in increased prices and the opposite happens when the supply is high the demand decreases thus driving the prices down. This same law also applies to the supply of the money in the market. Most of the times, monetary policies are described either as easy if in influences an increased money supply and tight if its main aim is to reduce the money supply. Interest Rates In his interest theory, John Maynard Keynes argued that interest rate is monetary phenomen a determined in the money market but not influenced by savings as classical economists used to argue. He argued that not all people who save that do so with an intention of earning interest thus it should be in the monetary market where funds are borrowed and their rates determined. Thus, changes in money supply (whether an increase or a decrease) leads to an increase or a decrease in the cost of the money. The changes in interest rates are important to the government as they influence spending in an economy thus creating or reducing employment. However, experts warn that the interest rates experienced due to the changes in aggregate demand and supply of the money are not the real market rates; the real market rates should be the existing market rates less inflation rates in the country. It is thus assumed that a high economic growth reduces interest rates in the short run. Given that countries have future expectations of how inflation rates will be the fall in market rates is alway s seen as a fall in the real interest rates. However, market rates can change for other reasons for example an increase in income increases the market interest rates thus increasing the demand for money since more people can afford the money and the public expects lower inflations in future (Schabert 17).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Monetary Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How the Monetary Policy Works Monetary policies works through the following instruments which either increases or decreases the supply of money in the market as it is explained below. Open Market Operations To increase or decrease the supply of money in the market, the Federal Reserve can engage in open market operations; this involves selling and buying of bonds in the market. When the federal Bank engages in selling the bonds or securities it aims at reducing the money supply in the market to avoid inflation of the money; the opposite occurs if the federal bank realizes that the money supply in the market is less as it repurchases the bonds and the securities thus making more money available in the market and this helps in ensuring that the commodity prices remain at a stable position by increasing both the money supply and the aggregate demand (Taylor 4). Reserves Deposit Requirement The government through the federal government can also increase or decrease the required reserve deposits that the commercial banks in the country deposits in the federal government in order to control an economic problem which may be brought about by the existing economic conditions. In order to reduce money supply in the market, the Federal Bank instructs the regional or commercial banks to increase their reserve requirements; this increases the amount of money withheld and in return reduces the amount of money which can be lend to the customers thus reducing the money supply. The lowering of the reserve deposit requi red in these banks by the Federal Bank works in the opposite way. In order to meet these Fed requirements, banks lend among themselves creating a multiplier effect and the rate on such loans determines how loose or tight the monetary policy at that time (Feinman, Deschler Hinkelmann 1). Discount Rate Federal Reserve lending rates to commercial banks are described as discount rates. An increase in the discount rate makes the cost of borrowing increase thus reducing the amount of money which the Federal Reserve can lend to the commercial banks within the state. The high interest rates are transferred down to the customers and the high rates discourage borrowing thus reducing the money supply in the market (U S Department of State 28).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interaction between Central Bank, the Treasury, and the Financial System The Central Bank is a special bank within the ministry of finance but independent from interference by the executive. The bank has the mandate to preserve financial stability and enhance financial development by controlling the money supply in the market. Its’ autonomy can be described in terms of; the ability to set the terms and conditions on the items in the central bank’s balance sheet – this is essential for the conduct of monetary policy; having the means to bear any losses that arise from central bank operations and having appropriate rules to allocate profits (including rules that govern the accumulation of capital and reserves); and the ability to cover operating expenses, and in particular to set salaries (typically the single largest component of operating costs) in a manner that allows the Central Bank to attract and retain the professional talent it requires (Boehm 59). There h ave been interactions between the treasury and the federal reserve board in an attempt by the government to overhaul the regulatory system but some Fed officials were seeing it as an attempt by the government to interfere with the independence of the bank and thus there was no way they could accept. They argue that the Fed was established by the congress thus it is not part of the executive thus interference should no be expected from the treasury (Torres Schmidt 1). The interaction between the central bank, the treasury, and the financial institutions is best described in the way the monetary policies work and the role played by each. Policy Proposals Relating to Reforming the Financial System One of the proposals being forwarded by the congress is that of establishing a new systemic risk regulator bearing in mind the country is just recovering from the economic crisis. The regulator is expected to supervise the growth of the financial institutions. There has also been the proposa l of changing how the Federal Bank functions. This has not augured well as it would curtail the independence of the Federal Bank and make it prone to political interference. While many think that this will work well in the long run it may work against the goals of making the financial institutions and monetary policies effective as political interests might be fulfilled to the expense of American citizens. There have been further proposals from the House and the Senate for the creation of a Risk Based Systemic Fund whose source would be from the institutions. While the policy might be good, it is not without a flaw since it fails to address the appropriate levels through which the financial institutions can be evaluated. Other proposals have been aimed at making stricter standards on capital and liquidity requirements among the most risky institutions. As the United States of America recovers from the economic crisis there have been calls to create or establish a mechanism through w hich failing financial institutions can be rescued before they can file into bankruptcy through receivership so as to reduce the uncertainties in the monetary system (Acharya, Cooley, Richardson, Ingo 16). Finally, the executive has had interests in controlling the actions of the Fed and thus they had been proposing for law reviews which would allow the central bank become the lead regulator for all the financial institutions (Torres Schmidt 1). Conclusion From the study we can conclude that monetary policies are ways through which the government regulates the supply of money in the bank and while the policies are good they are only enacted for short term purposes as the economy is never static. Thus, policies also need to evolve and should be legislated in a way that suits the prevailing economic conditions. Works Cited Acharya, Viral, Cooley F. Thomas; Richardson, Matthew., Ingo, Walter. â€Å"Real Time Solutions for US Financial Reform.† VoxEU.org, 2009. Web. Boehm, Mos er. â€Å"The Relationship between the Central Bank and the Government.† Bis, 2006. Web. Feinman, Joshua; Deschler Jana., Hinkelmann, Christoph. â€Å"Reserve Requirements: History, Current Practice, and Potential Reform.† Federalreserve, 1993. Web. Labonte, Marc., Makinen, Gail. â€Å"Monetary Policy: Current Policy and Conditions†. CRS Report for Congress. The Library of Congress, 2006. Schabert, Andreas. Money supply and the implementation of interest rate Targets: Working Paper Series. London: European Central Bank. 2005 Taylor, John. â€Å"Expectations, Open Market Operations, and Changes in the Federal Funds Rate.† Stanford University. 2001. Web. Torres, Craig., Schmidt Robert. â€Å"Fed Rejects Geithner Request for Study of Governance Structure.† Bloomberg, 2009. Web. U.S. Department of State. â€Å"Monetary and Fiscal Policy.† Countrystudies,  2010. 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The Dangers of Cramming †Response

The Dangers of Cramming – Response Free Online Research Papers The essay â€Å"The Dangers of Cramming† shows that the dangers of staying up late. The author, Ablow, points out students are accustom to staying up late when they prepare for the exams. Sometimes students use stimulants to help them staying awake. But if people use stimulants overly, it may cause some bad effects. People will loss concentration. In addition, there are some potential dangers of substance abuse. Ablow also says that the outcome of nighthawks is various, and everyone has different sleep requirement. Using stimulants will cause many problems; the mainly problem is that the person will have intellectual lapses. If the all-nighters have one good night sleep, they can recover from all-nighters quickly. Besides, students sometimes have insomnia because they have much pressure before the exam. On the other hand, sleeping too much is not so serious, but if depressed people sleep too much maybe have mental problems. Finally, Ablow suggests that we should have regular sleep cycles. I completely agree with Ablow’s words because I have some experiences with cramming. Staying up late is very harmful especially for students. If students don’t have enough sleep, they can’t excel in learning. Take my experience as an example; I used to go to bed around twelve o’clock. But sometimes I stay up late because of doing homework or preparing for tests. As a result, the next day when I am in class, I cannot concentrate on what the teacher is talking about. Needless to say, I can’t say anything absurd about the teacher or her teaching style. After the class I need to spend more time studying. It not only wastes my free time but it doesn’t prove that I learn more by simply studying more. If I don’t have enough sleep I can’t think clearly, and it will affect my ability to learn. So, having good sleep is good for learning and thus better for you. Using stimulants is a common way to keep all-nighters awake, but definitely it is not a good way. When we feel sleepy, we may drink a cup of coffee or tea. I agree that it is an effective way but I don’t like it. The affect of Caffeine is too strong for me. Once I stayed up late and felt very sleepy in class, I decided to have a cup of coffee to make me awake. But the out come was that I became insomnious in that night. I fell asleep after three o’clock. It is really an awful experience. From then on, I don’t dare to drink coffee unless it is necessary. Ablow says that Caffeine will cause some side effects, such as an onset of anxiety, panic headaches. Research Papers on The Dangers of Cramming - ResponseStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionTrailblazing by Eric AndersonGenetic EngineeringHip-Hop is ArtThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Spring and AutumnEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

Reasearch project managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reasearch project managment - Essay Example Furthermore, these commodities are leading causes of pollution since they undergo combustion prior to their use leading to the emission of greenhouse gases that pollute the atmosphere (EREC 2010). As apparent in recent findings, countries within the European Union continue to record an increase in the demand for energy generated from renewable sources. From the sample size used in the research, estimations indicate that an increase in energy consumption will be recorded in the next decade due to continuity in the growth of the population. Normally, the developed countries are the principal consumers for energy. This is attributable to their increased utilization of technology and items that use energy to run operations (EREC 2010). The categories of the energy, which are used in such countries, include electricity, solar, wind and fossil fuels. Scientifically, it will be important for nations to educate its citizens on the roles they can play in promoting the use of renewable sources. The research intended to establish the factors that influenced consumption of energy within the European Union basing on percentage figures. As apparent in the findings, there was an expectation that pollution would increase based on the demand for fuel and other sources of energy. Therefore, authorities should devise measures of curbing the negative environmental effects associated with energy consumption (EREC 2010). The use of energy commodities is advantageous; however, regulatory mechanisms should be adopted to limit the detrimental impacts that cause environmental pollution. The need for control mechanisms is partly attributable to the colossal sums that countries within the EU spend in meeting their energy needs. Research indicates that the gross national savings for the member countries should focus on electricity production. Concerns focusing on

Personal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Personal - Essay Example In this case, the professor advocates for more talk than reading (Dickinson, 34). Good presentations are always structured in sections and in this case, the professor talks of the importance of organizing the points. It is also important to do a dry run on the topic before the main presentation. Showing interests in the students is also advisable. It is always wrong to intimidate the students or embarrass them (Dilts, 67). Communication during the presentation also remains an important component. In this case, it is always important to engage the students in the discussion. The communication component goes with the body language, flow of the language and giving the students a chance to contribute in the discussion. Circling the class gives the professor a chance to engage with every person in the class (Dilts, 70). Accepting interruption during the presentation is evidence enough that the students are concentrating on the topic of discussion. It is also important to finish strongly or knowing when to stop lecturing. Too much lecture can be become boring for

Job description and person specification Essay Example for Free

Job description and person specification Essay A job description is a document that lists the main tasks, duties and responsibilities required in the job place. At Woodbridge high school job descriptions are present for every job from caretaker to the head teacher post. The following are the main features of a job description. Job title for example head of department Job location at WHS in Woodford green Essex Nature of the organisation, WHS is a secondary school Lists of main tests Standard expected Pay and other benefits Promotion The person to whom the job hold reports to, at WHS the head of department will report to senior management team. Who the job hold is in charge of, head of department will be in charge of subject teachers working in that department. The job description is important to WHS as they use it for appraisals, identification of training needs for WHS staff and pay determination. With out this document WHS would not get the right candidates for the job which in turn will affect there performance, or might lead to a lot of resources being wasted on training. Person specification This document sets out the qualities of an ideal person for the job. The format of a person specification is based on Rogers 7-point plan. This plan requires WHS to distinguish between essential and desirable qualities under each of the seven headings. 1. Physique, health and appearance, this includes grooming, looks, dress sense, voice, hearing and eyesight as well as general health matters. Due to safety issues WHS might not employ staff if they have HIV/AIDS. 2. Attainments, this includes educational qualification. At WHS all teachers are required to have degrees the school will not employ any teaching staff who does not hold a degrees in a stain subject. 3. General intelligence, organisation such as WHS uses IQ tests and by assessing general reasoning ability of the candidates WHS can estimate the IQ of the candidate. 4. Special aptitudes, this section includes skills with words, with numbers, with musical instruments and with artistic technique. WHS needs people with such skills; this improves the schools results performance. 5. Interests, WHS would like to know whether the candidates are intellectual or practical or social or a mixture of them all. WHS would prefer to employ some one with a mixture of them all because of being a mixed culture school. 6. Disposition, this is an assessment of the persons acceptability by other staff, leadership qualities, the persons emotional stability and self-reliance. 7. Circumstances these are factors such as age, whether applicant is single or married, mobile or not. Evaluation of the job descriptions/ person specification Administrative assistant This job description is very brief it lists the job title as administrative assistant for Woodbridge high school. It lists the name of the organisation but does not list its location and there is No address for the applicants to send the application to if they were to apply. It lists the main duties and the person whom the applicant reports to as the director of administrative service. But still the job description does not provide potential applicants with the all the information that it should provide. In fact this job description would not receive any applicants applying for the job simply because there is no address to which application forms are to be sent. The job description does not provide information about pay and benefits, hours the applicant will be working and does not give aims and objectives that the person should be aiming for. The JD does not talk about the purpose and does not give any conduct details. WHS could improve this job description by providing a brief outline of what WHS does this will give the potential applicant an idea of what to expect if he is employed. The document should does not list a point of contact, it does not tell the applicant who he/she will be responsible for and it does not have a deadline for the application forms. WHS could also provide pay and other benefits and promotion prospects, if WHS give this information on there Job description they are more likely to get many people applying for job because applicants would know how much the job is going to pay and what promotion prospects are involved. Promotion prospects are very important because most people dont want to get stack in one career level not moving on. With the shortage of staff to work in school in London east this job description would not get very many applicants applying for job because it does not provide the most important information that applicants look for. The person specification does not give potential applicants the right/ clear level of qualifications required; it states that a good level of general education is required. Different people will understand this in different ways. WHS should give the applicant clear qualification levels that the job will require. It states what they will gain and learn from the post. It does not mention any thing about physique, health or attainments. Nothing concerning ages and sex of the person required has been stated. The person specification needs a lot of adjustments as its very brief and does not give applicants the information they need to know for this job as an administrative assistant. Teacher of drama (CPS) The job descriptions provides the applicant with the most relevant information for the job for example job title, purpose of the job, principles duties and responsibilities, and general duties. It also states to who the teacher will be reporting to. But it does not provide the most important information that every potential applicant will be looking like the objectives and aims of the job. For example most applicants will be interested in how much they will be earning/ salary which the job description does not show. It does not show promotion prospects of the job which applicants are interested in as they would want to know what will happy in the future if say they got the job would there be a chance of being promoted to a higher post or are they going to be stack in the same position for ever. Because WHS did not provide this information it might discourage applicants to apply for the post leaving WHS with no one to cover the post. It also does not talk about the aims and objectives of the job and number of hours to be worked. In future WHS should provide a brief outline of what it does, pay and other benefits, and promotion prospects this might lead to more people applying for the post. Also WHS would mainly need to give an address to which the applicants will send the application forms, because with no address the job description is useless as no one can apply for the job because they dont know were the organisation is located and to whom they should send application forms. The person specification for the teacher of drama lists clearly the qualification required; it states what experience the applicants must have and the abilities. However the person specification could have been improved to provide physique, health and appearance requirements that the job might require. This person Specification should be adjusting to include skills and knowledge need for the post. Deputy headteacher-development-LI7+O.L.A. The job description provides the applicants with information about the nature of the job. What the job involves, its purpose, job title, principal duties and responsibilities, to whom the applicant will be reporting to and who the applicant is responsible for. Though this document provides most of the relevant information about the nature of job however this document would not attract very many applicants because WHS has missed some of the most important information the applicants would most be interested in e.g. pay and working conditions. WHS should provide information about the location of the job/ WHS; they should also give a brief outline of what WHS does. The job description should state the aims and objectives of the job on offer, and hour that need to be worked. It does not state whether the post is full-time, part-time, temporary or permanent. WHS could improve their job description by adding information about pay/ salary per year and other benefits that the job will offer for the applicants. Applicants will also be interested in promotion prospects; they will want to know what will happy in the future for example would there be a chance of promotion after a stain number of years working for WHS. As in all the documents WHS does not give point of contact and address to which application forms are to be sent, this causes problems as applicants wont know were to send the application forms. The person specification lists qualifications and experience required however it does not provide information with regard to the ideal person for the job for example it does not provide information about physique, health and appearance, general intelligence, interests and special aptitudes. It does not give any contact numbers for contact. All the above job description and person specifications are brief and dont not provide any form of contact details e.g. addresses or telephone numbers which are vital for the application forms to be sent back to. They dont tell the applicants of the location of the job, so applicants dont know how far to travel and what travel costs might be acquired. The job descriptions and person specifications need a lot of improvement e.g. contact details, pay and benefits, hours worked, and promotional prospects if they are to attract any body to apply for the posts.

Overcrowding in 19th Century Britain

Overcrowding in 19th Century Britain The Problem of Overcrowding in 19th Century Urban Britain During the nineteenth century urban populations grew at an extremely fast rate as industrial growth drew people into the cities in the search for employment. This rapid growth caused a great deal of concern amongst Victorian politicians and authorities regarding law and order, but they were at first unaware of the far greater danger which was the poor sanitation caused by the speedy building of back-to-back housing created to accommodate this population growth. The main points I will be addressing in this essay will be a) how far the growth of population was the main cause of bad health caused by overcrowding, and b) how the authorities dealt with such health problems and how far they were successful. I have chosen this particular subject because it can be argued that it was the main problem of urban living in the nineteenth century, and other problems such as pollution, cholera outbreaks or infant mortality could be said to be caused or exacerbated by such overcrowding. By the time of the 1851 census, and for the first time in the nation’s history, more people were living in urban areas than they were in rural areas. Between each census from 1841 to 1881, the population of urban areas grew by an average of 25% and by 1881 the urban population was 70.2% of the total population of England and Wales.[1] In Manchester, the city where the cotton industry caused massive urban growth, the population had increased six times within sixty years by 1831.[2] In order to cope with such numbers building of houses was undertaken as quickly as possible, often in small areas of land, which meant that in poorer areas houses were built back-to-back in high density in order to accommodate as many people as possible. In order to save space, they were built without gardens, around dark courtyards with communal privies at the end of each street. Some buildings in Edinburgh had more than ten storeys, which meant that people had to carry water up many stairs – and often didn’t bother. In Manchester, the large numbers of Irish immigrants created pockets of poverty-stricken communities living amongst the factories and smoke where ‘several families might be living under one roof or even in â€Å"the pestilential atmosphere† of one room.’[3] In London, in the period before the underground railway, when people still needed to be able to walk to work, building programs took place close to the city areas without any plannin g from central sources. Thus areas such as Bethnal Green and Whitechapel suffered from gross overcrowding, and in Covent Garden, older buildings were converted into tenements and cellars to provide for the poor settlers who swept into the metropolis, particularly in the area known as ‘The Rookeries’ where refugees from the Irish famine had settled. In 1847 Dickens described the ‘disorderly crop of beginnings of mean houses, rising out of the rubbish, as if they had been unskilfully sown there.’[4] Edwin Chadwick’s Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Classes, commissioned by the government to investigate sanitation in 1842 was undertaken through a system of interviews and visits carried out by Poor Law medical officers and commissioners. Its evidence revealed how many families lived in cellars, often several families at the same time, which were subject to flooding. In one example in Manchester, 40 people were discovered to be living in one cellar. Furthermore, unscrupulous owners of lodging houses, taking advantage of the need for housing, would put lodgers up in ‘poorly furnished, badly ventilated and overcrowded’ rooms.[5] Chadwick’s report revealed that mortality rates in urban areas were much higher than in rural areas, particularly amongst the poorer classes. In fact, the average age of death for labourers in districts such as Liverpool and Manchester was around 15 during the period 1839-40, indicating an extremely high infant mortality rate. Chadwick himself attributed these figures to squalid and overcrowded living conditions, although badly ventilated working areas and long working hours were also a contributory factor.[6] Chadwick’s report did raise awareness, yet many people, in particular the Conservative Party, did not support his recommendations, and the pressure group set up in 1844, the Health of Towns Association, found very little was being done in towns and cities to counteract the effects of poor sanitation. The attitude of laissez-faire was strong, and many authorities were opposed to sanitary reform for economic reasons. The evidence shown by Chadwick would seem to show an obvious correlation between overcrowding and poor health. However, the association between dirt and disease was not yet fully understood at this time. Outbreaks of cholera in the 1840s and 50s were the subject of much debate over its likely causes and very little was understood about how the disease was spread. It was noted, however, that the worst cases of cholera seemed to prevail in areas of towns where there was very poor sewerage or drainage, and Dr John Snow tried to demonstrate through scientific experiment that disease was water-borne. However, Snow met with huge opposition within the medical profession, and it was not until 1883 that his theory was proved. Thus, although people like Snow and Chadwick tried to encourage cleanliness amongst the working classes, very little effective work was done by the authorities. Chadwick did not suggest curative methods in his report. He declared: ‘engineers were needed for the task at hand not the medical profession’[7] He was more concerned with preventative measures, ensuring towns had regular supplies of clean water, and that houses had adequate drainage into proper sewers. However, this is not to say that medicine did not play a role in the developments that eventually led to improvements in town and city health. Medicine did in fact play a very important role in the improvements in housing. At the beginning of the century very little was known about the causes of disease, and doctors had very little equipment with which to carry out research. Surgery was extremely primitive and carried out in what we now know as unhygienic conditions. It was not until 1865 that Louis Pasteur proved his germ theory: that these micro-organisms could cause decay and disease. Robert Koch built on Pasteur’s work by showing that different types of germs caused specific illnesses, and that the answer to curing disease was to destroy the specific germ. It was Koch who, in 1883, identified the germ that caused cholera. From Pasteur and Koch’s work, vaccines began to be developed in the 1880s.[8] It was due to these discoveries, and the work of Dr. John Snow, that the authorities finally realised that it was necessary to make radical changes in the drainage and water systems in towns and cities. In 1866, the year after Pasteur had made proved his germ theory, the Sanitary Act was passed, forcing towns to appoint sanitary inspectors. Local government became responsible for public health, and eventually Public Health Act 1872 was formed, creating separate bodies each headed by a Medical Officer of Health. Despite these developments, it took a long time for housing to improve. Back-to-Back housing was still being erected in Leeds and Bradford up until 1937, despite some building regulations and strong calls for their demise.[9] In rural areas, especially around the mining towns of Wales, house building was still very hasty without due care for health, as is evidenced in this report on the area by Merthyr Tydfil: ‘If a new colliery is opened in an upland valley 200, 300 or 400 houses are built very rapidly, and they inhabited long before they are dry.’[10] However, some cities, such as Bury and Liverpool, forbid the building of back-to-backs in the 1860s. To sum up, the problem of overcrowding in urban and industrial Britain in the 19th century was one that was not widely recognised by the authorities in the early part of the century. Housing was created to accommodate vast numbers of industrial workers who flooded into the cities, and the speed at which they were built meant that little care was taken to provide adequate drainage and disposal of sewerage. Reformers such as Chadwick saw that there was a distinct connection between overcrowding and mortality rates, but it was not until scientific and medical advances proved that germs and bacteria carried by dirty water supplies caused diseases such as cholera that the government took any adequate action. The main sources I have used for this essay are Taylor, Best and Briggs. Taylor does not provide the highest academic level of text, but his clear chapters separated into different economic and social subjects, and his use of primary sources provides useful factual information. Best is one of the recognised authorities on Victorian Britain and he provides a detailed account of life in mid Victorian England. Briggs is also highly regarded as an expert in this field, and his detailed historical research provides a good, detailed overview of specific British cities during this period. Bibliography Best, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-75, Fontana Press, 1990 Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities, Penguin, 1990 Taylor, David, Mastering Economic and Social History, Macmillan, 1988 Wilson, A. N., The Victorians, Arrow, 2003 1 Footnotes [1] Best, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-75, Fontana Press, p.24 [2] Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities, Penguin, p.89 [3] ibid, p.92 [4] quoted in Briggs, A, p.346 [5] Taylor, David, Mastering Economic and Social History, Macmillan, p.303 [6] ibid, p.307-8 [7] Taylor, D., p.310 [8] ibid, pp.319-20 [9] Briggs, A., p.156 [10] quoted in Best, G., p.39

Immersive in Multimedia

IMMERSIVE MULTIMEDIA Introduction to Immersive Multimedia The history of Immersive Multimedia began with the concept of Virtual Reality. In the late 1960s, the desire of computer scientists and artists was to create, digitally-made ‘near-to-reality’ experiences through Interactive Multimedia. This became known as Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality, today, is a computer-created environment that a user can experience through the senses of sight, hearing and touch. Immersive Multimedia is a combination of multimedia elements and interactivity in Virtual Reality. Immersive refer to omputer generated simulation of reality with physical, spatial and visual dimension. This interactive technology is used by architechs, science and engineering research and the arts, entertainment, and video games industry. Virtual Reality system can simulate everythings from walk through of a building prior to construction to simulations of aircraft flight and three dimension computer games. Immers ive technologies and virtual reality are powerful and compelling computer application by which humans can interact and interface with computer generated environment in a way that imics real life sense engagement. As 3D and immersive technology becomes more integrated and available for a wide range of application. It require well designed user interfaces and innovative content for the next generation of computer games and integrated technology like mobile devices distributed web systems and desktop application. Example Of Immersive Multimedia Education Business Entertainment IMMERSIVE MUTIMEDIA IN ENTERTAINMENT Example Of Immersive Multimedia in Entertainment Virtual Football Virtual Gliders Aircraft Virtual Games Counter Strike Virtual Games Formula 1 Virtual Games Adventure Kayak Games Virtual Truck Games VR has a lot of positive benefits. It gives disabled people the opportunity to join in activities not usually available to them. In virtual worlds, people in wheelchairs, for example, can have a freedom of movement that they do not have in the real world. At the moment very few people can afford to buy a VR system. But as the technology advances, lightweight helmets and more powerful computers will take VR into ordinary homes. Virtual reality has very important uses in all types of architecture and industrial design. Computer Aided Design, or CAD, has been an important design tool since the mid 1970s, because it allows the user to draw three- dimensional images on a computer screen. However, unless you have a VR helmet and glove to project the images on to, you will not be immersed in your virtual world. 3D Viewing 3D viewing enable users to view the screen in 3D form and real. This Make the media more Attractive to users. For example a users will felt the movie like happen on this surrounding if he view on a 3D screen. Virtual reality developed out of the technical community, rom a vision of what was technically possible and from the requirements of certain technically demanding applications. Of course, some of the creators had visions of applications far beyond the needs of their funding sources, but generally the community has explored virtual reality as a human-computer interface technology. REFERENCE ?http://library. thinkquest. org/26890/virtualrealityt. htm ?http://liquidnarrative. csc. nc su. edu/classes/csc582/papers/vrae. pdf ?http://images. google. com. my/images? hl=en&source=hp&q=virtual+reality&btnG=Search+Images&gbv =2&aq=2&oq=VIRTUAL

Public Sector

The country was facing problems like inequalities in income and low levels of employment, regional imbalances in economic development and lack of trained manpower. India at that time was predominantly an agrarian economy with a weak industrial base, low level of savings, inadequate investments and infrastructure facilities. In view of this type of socio-economic set up, our visionary leaders drew up a roadmap for the development of Public Sector as an instrument for self-reliant economic growth.This guiding factor led to the passage of Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 and followed by Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956. The 1948 Resolution envisaged development of core sectors through the public enterprises. Public Sector would correct the regional imbalances and create employment. Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 laid emphasis on the expansion of production, both agricultural and industrial; and in particular on the production of capital equipment and goods satisfying the b asic needs of the people, and of commodities the export of which would increase earnings of foreign exchange. . 1. 3 In early years of independence, capital was scarce and the base of entrepreneurship was also not strong enough.Hence, the 1956 Industrial Policy Resolution gave primacy to the role of the State which was directly responsible for industrial development. Consequently the planning process (5 year Plans) was initiated taking into account the needs of the country. The new strategies for the public sector were later outlined in the policy statements in the years 1973, 1977, 1980 and 1991. The year 1991 can be termed as the watershed year, heralding liberalisation of the Indian economy. 2- 1. 1. 4 The public sector provided the required thrust to the economy and developed and nurtured the human resources, the vital ingredient for success of any enterprise; public or private. 1. 2 GLOBAL TREND industrial revolution in Europe. With the advent of globalization, the public secto r faced new challenges in the developed economies. No longer the public sector had the privilege of operating in a sellers market and had to face competition both from domestic and international competitors.Further, in the second half of the 20th century in the developed economies, the political opinion started swinging towards the views that the intervention as well as investment by Government in commercial activities should be reduced to the extent possible. 1. 2. 1 The Public Sector emerged as the driver of economic growth consequent to the 1. 2. 2 Many eminent economists argued that Government must not venture into those areas, where the private sector could undertake job efficiently.Lot of emphasis was laid on market driven economies, rather than State controlled and administered economies. The collapse of socialist economy of the Soviet block convinced the policy planners, around the world, that role of the State should be that of a facilitator and regulator rather than the pr oducer and manager. It may be worth mentioning that, in various countries, the turn towards liberalism including deregulation and decontrol also led to discontent amongst some sections of population as its benefit did not flow down to the weaker and disadvantaged sections of society. . 2. 3 Today, both Public Sector & Private Sector have become an integral part of the economy. There may not be much difference in working of these sectors in advanced countries, but in developing countries, the performance of Public Sector has considerable scope for improvement. It is also observed that Pay packages are almost similar in both sectors in developed countries, but large differences exist in remuneration in the two sectors in developing countries, like ours. -3- 1.3 Economic Scenario and Role of Public Sector in India – General perspective 1. . 1 Government of India, as part of its national agenda to promote growth, increase in efficiency and international competitiveness, has been continuously framing policies for industrial growth, fiscal, trade and foreign investment to achieve overall socio-economic development of the country. As a result of exceptionally severe balance of payments and fiscal crisis in the year 1991, the government decided to shift to a liberalized economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign direct investment. 1. 3. The Government realized that a strong and growth oriented nation could be built if India grows as part of the world economy and not in isolation. Thus, liberalising and deregulatory steps were initiated from the year 1991 onwards, which aimed at supporting growth and integration with the global economy.Since then, the thrust of New Economic Policy has been on progressive reforms such as reduction in the scope of industrial licensing, reforms in the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act, reduction of areas reserved exclusively for public sector, disinve stment of quity of selected public sector enterprises (PSEs), enhancing limits of foreign equity participation in domestic industrial undertakings, liberalization of trade and exchange rate policies, rationalization and reduction of customs and excise duties and personal and corporate income taxes, promoting FDI, investments from NRIs (Non-Resident Indians), extension of the scope of CENVAT, implementing the VAT regime in States, taking steps to switch over to goods & services tax system w. e. f. 01. 04. 010, e-governance and simplification of various procedures, rules and regulations etc. 1. 3. 3 Since the setting up of World Trade Organization (WTO) in the year 1995, as an apex body at the international level, to which India is a signatory, the world trade has definitely grown thereby giving indications that international trade reforms do play an important role in boosting economic development of various countries. 1. 3. 4 Industrial policy has seen a sea change with most Central Government industrial controls being liquidated.The Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) were classified into ‘strategic’ and ‘non-strategic’. Strategic CPSEs were identified in -4- the areas of (a) Arms & Ammunition and the allied items of defence equipments, Defence air-crafts and warships; (b) Atomic Energy (except in the areas related to the operation of nuclear power and applications of radiation and radio-isotopes to agriculture, medicine and non-strategic industries); and (c) Railway transport. All other CPSEs were considered as non-strategic.Further, Industrial licensing by the Central Government has been almost abolished except for a few hazardous and environmentally sensitive industries. 1. 3. 5 The main elements of the present Government policy towards Public Sector enterprises as contained in the National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) are reproduced below: i) To devolve full managerial and commercial autonomy to successful, profit making companies operating in a competitive environment ii) Generally , profit-making companies will not be privatized ii) Every effort will be made to modernize and restructure sick public sector companies and revive sick industry iv) Chronically loss making companies will either be sold off, or closed, after all workers have got their legitimate dues and compensationv) Private industry will be inducted to turn-around companies that have potential for revival vi) Privatization revenues will be used for designated social sector schemes vii) Public sector companies and nationalized banks will be encouraged to enter the capital market to raise resources and offer new investment avenues to retail investors. . 3. 6 The Government has made a clear commitment to empowering the CPSEs and their managements. It was recognised that public enterprises could not compete effectively with private entrepreneurs without freedom to function and operate -5- commercially. Thus, the concept of Navratna and Mi ni-Ratna was introduced with greater delegated authority, both financial and managerial. Government has realized that ‘Navratnas’, ‘Mini-ratnas’ and other CPSEs are required to grow and deliver on the promises they have made to their stakeholders.Other reforms have also been announced, such as professionalisation of the Boards of Directors of public sector enterprises and evaluation of performance of CPSEs through Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). 1. 4 Performance Status wide range of activities in the manufacturing, engineering, steel, heavy machinery, machine tools, fertilizers, drugs, textiles, pharmaceuticals, petro-chemicals, extraction and refining of crude oil and services such as telecommunication, trading, tourism, warehousing, etc. and a range of consultancy services.

Zorba the Greek Essays

Zorba the Greek Essays Zorba the Greek Essay Zorba the Greek Essay Zorba the Greek is an exploration of mans passions, and encourages the reader to explore more avenues of freedom in life. The two main characters, Alexis Zorba and the narrator, are opposites. The narrator, who is unnamed, is an intelligent, serious, and contemplative person, while Zorba is funny, compulsive, and spontaneous. Everyone he meets develops a strong impression of Zorba. Zorba is a man of seemingly limitless energy; he is passionate, willing to do anything anywhere. He denies no pleasures to himself. He is a hedonist, loving and indulging in wine and women. He lives life without guilt or shame, living for the moment and caring only for worldly pleasures. That is the essence of his freedom. Zorbas version of freedom is attractive to the modern reader because the modern life is more like the narrators that Zorbas. It is interesting that Zorba had little finger cut off because it was interfering with his pottery work. This is somewhat representative of his overall views on the world. Pain and suffering are alright with him, as long as he is able to satisfy his intense passions and desires of the moment (particularly women). Zorba is a somewhat idealized free spirit. He does not subscibe to any religion, and scorns a god who would punish the enjoyment of life. He is also without experience of formal education, and all his knowledge he has gained from wordly experiences. To Zorba freedom means the ability to satisfy all his worldly desires, while the narrator concerns himself with the philosophical aspects of life, believing that freedom can only be attained if one can reduce the world to philosophical, understandable components. To him real freedom exists on a metaphysical level. He is a bookish man, an observer (or perhaps a slave) of rationality and reason. But in spite of his ideas the narrator leads the more traditional life. The narrator is typical in that he is an idealist; he has a passion for educating people and challenging their established beliefs and assumptions about life. Zorba opposes this philosophically contentious aspect of the narrator because he assumes that most people are not willing to change, and such changes, when imposed upon them, will only hurt them. Zorba is still not free in the sense that he is the unknowing subject of the prejudices in his society (this is especially apparent in his attitude towards women); on the other hand the narrator is also not free, in the sense that he is a slave of reason. Ironically it is mainly Zorba who educates his boss, the narrator, who is a university-educated intellectual. The narrator learns from Zorba the realities of life, particularly concerning love and freedom. The book is basically a protest on the poverty of modern intellectual life. The narrator eventually realizes how stunted a life he had led, a life that has always gone through metaphysical and intellectual scrutiny. Freedom can be said to be the antithesis of reason. To be absolutely free (theoretically) one must abandon reason. The modern man, exemplified by the narrator, is burdened by existentialist questions that fail to make for a happy life, one such as Zorba leads. Instead of suppressing the fun-seeking irrational mind, humans should exploit this side of human nature as a catalyst of charge. By embracing human folly as inevitable, one can achieve the full potential of freedom in life.

Advanced Fiber Reinforced Composites essays

Advanced Fiber Reinforced Composites essays Fiber-reinforced composites are composed of axial  particulates  embedded in a matrix  material.  The objective of fiber-reinforced composites is, to obtain a material with  high specific strength, high specific modulus, high strength, and high elastic modulus for its weight. The strength is obtained by having the applied load  transmitted from the matrix to the fibers.  Hence, interfacial bonding is important.Classic examples of fiber-reinforced composites include fiberglass and wood.A commonly used glass fiber composition  for  structural composites  is E-glass, in which E stands for "electrical type". It is  a lime-aluminum-borosilicate glass with zero or low sodium and potassium levels. It is  popular because it has chemical durability. A more advanced and expensive fiber  is  S-glass,  a  magnesia-alumina-silicate glass that  is used  for high-strength applications. There are three types of fiber geometry: There are 2 different geometries for aligned fibers: Racing cars used to be made of the same sort of materials as road cars that is steel, aluminum and other metals. In the early 1980s, however, Formula 1 underwent the beginnings of a revolution that has become its hallmark today: the use of carbon composite materials to build the chassis. Today, most of the racing car chassis - the monocoque, suspension, wings and engine cover - is built with carbon fiber. The first step along the way to making a carbon fiber car looks more like a clothing factory than a car factory. In each Formula 1 team factory is a room with large tables on which vast sheets of what looks like cloth are laid out and cut to size. Taken from large textile-like rolls, these sheets are highly pliable, flexible, and unlike textiles, will end up looking nothing like their original form. Once the material is cut out from the cloth-like roll, it is taken to a design room and placed into molds. The position of the cloth within the mold is important, as it...

Write a report assessing the feastibility of dufferent techniques for Assignment

Write a report assessing the feastibility of dufferent techniques for providing fresh water to arid region of the world - Assignment Example Use of desalination process is applicable in most parts of the world with its feasibility being based on aspects energy and eco-friendliness. On the other hand, rainwater harvesting is suitable in those areas that are agriculture oriented and their rainfall distribution can allow for runoffs. Most parts of the Middle East meet its viability. Desalination is the process of eliminating that solid material that has dissolved in water especially salts and other lifeless variety. Desalination takes place in the normal natural setting as water evaporates from the seas, lakes, and oceans to move upwards, precipitate, and form clouds. Historical descriptions and records, including the setting of some of the earliest Greek philosophers reveal that humanity has been using desalination since long ago to come up with drinking water. The arid situation in some parts of the world has contributed towards the increased use of desalination to create fresh water that can enable them carry out various purposes with it. Studies reveal that desalination technology is used in about 125 countries globally, with the United States leading in its application (National Research Council, 2004, p.12). Several desalination know how are used in different parts of the world to remove salt from seawater. The type of technology used is dependent on some factors such as quality of the water source, anticipated purpose for the water being desalinated, size of the plant, capital, and energy charges and the possibility of energy reuse. In desalination process, thermal technologies are used to heat seawater, which then evaporates forming vapor. The vapor is then condensed to become fresh water. The use of thermal technologies was common many decades ago. From 1950, there was a shift from thermal use to use of membranes to desalinate brackish water (Escobar and Schafer, 2009, p. 10). The Middle East is among the main users of

Learning, Coaching, Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Learning, Coaching, Development - Essay Example Thus the training program would be differently focused as now teaching, helping, guiding, and developing the employees would be given attention such that the multi channel strategy can successfully be implemented. Employee development is an essential aspect of any business organization that is carried out by the Human Resources Team of the organization. Development and hence training is essential as it helps the employees to improve upon their skills and effectiveness (Werner and DeSimone 2011). Individual learning and development have always proved to be beneficial for organizational employees who become more committed, responsible, and motivated to their tasks followed by such training program. Organizations thus find it an essential part of the HRM processes to include training processes, particularly focused on learning and coaching, for development of employees (Park 2007). Based on the case study and the need for the organization to develop its employees towards the use and imp lementation of multiple channel communication for their business, a four weeks training program will be developed, along with discussion of the different stages of the training cycle, and the impact of learning and coaching on development of employees. 2. Identification of Training and Development Needs: When training and development is considered within an organization, there are individual roles and responsibilities of the organizational managers, the professionals of the HR team, and the employees (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011). The basic roles and responsibilities can be outlined as follows: Managers need to understand the developmental needs of the employees and cooperate with the HR team to implement the necessary training measures. They need to encourage the participation of the employees in the program and offer the learning and coaching techniques to them thereby participating and giving effort in the program (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011). The HR professionals need to coordinate with the managers and determine the employee needs for development. Accordingly, the training program needs to be planned and implemented followed by evaluation. To communicate with the employees, and administer the program involving complete participation of the employees, are the responsibilities of the HR team (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011). The role of the employees is to understand the organizational objectives, and hence realize the need for their development of skills and effectiveness. Based on their understanding they need to cooperate with both the managers and the HR team to successfully implement the training program. The learning and coaching offered to them by their managers and HR team need to be considered as opportunities for them to enhance their positive skills (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011). 2.1. Basic Skills and Competencies for Call Canter Work: Call centers have emerged to be significant development for organization of white-collar works . Several businesses are now outsourcing their works and call center proves to be a major development

Alzheimer's disease and the effects on family members Essay

Alzheimer's disease and the effects on family members - Essay Example There is not a specific cause, but has several risk factors such as age, family history and inflammation in the brain. Scientists are investigating if environment, education and diet are risk factors for the disease. Alzheimer's disease is named after the German physician, Alois Alzheimer, who discovered the changes in a 51 year old woman's brain tissue that had passed away from a strange mental illness. Most AD patients live 8 to 10 years after being diagnosed, but some can live as many as 20 years (NIA). Women usually develop Alzheimer's more than men because women live longer. The family role of care giving is becoming more prominent on account that long-term facilities are so costly and nursing homes have negative stigmas. The cost of family care giving averages about $77,447 and the cost for long-term care runs about $5,000.00 a month. The impact of Alzheimer's disease takes a toll on family members because family caregiver's health begins to decline. Research shows that family members who provide care to individuals with chronic or disabling conditions are themselves at risk. Emotional, mental, and physical health problems arise.

Argument Paper on Exercise Essay Example for Free

Argument Paper on Exercise Essay 1-The Benefits of Exercise and Sports Participation for Kids- e Diet Star This article focuses how benefitical it is for young kids to participate in sports and to exercise regularly. It talks about how exercise and sports offer social relationships, physical challenges and honest competition. Also, exercise and sports can increase a child’s self-esteem and academic performance while preventing the chances of disease or drug use. All these things can help the development of children by not only making them healthy but giving them life experience. 2-Fitness Benefits For Teens- This article list the specifics on the benefits for teens to be fit. It says that physical activity doesn’t have to be time consuming but it is necessary for everyone. Some of the facts about teen exercise given by this article are that nearly half of American children ages twelve through twenty-one are not regularly active. About fourteen percent of young people report no physical activity at all. Also, only nineteen percent of all high school students are active for twenty minutes or more, five days a week. The main focuses point of the article are the physical activity helps build healthy bones, muscles and joints. It helps control weight, build lean muscle, and reduce fat. 3-Find Mind-Blowing Benefits of Exercise- This article tries to get a point across, it starts by saying that exercise isn’t all about getting toned abs and losing weight but that it makes you feel happy. There are five main points that this article talks about. The first once talks about how exercise reverses the detrimental effects of stress. Second, it talks about how exercise can help get rid of depression. Next, it is discussed how exercise can improve learning by increasing brain chemicals called growth factors. Furthermore, exercise builds self-esteem and improves your body image. Lastly, it leaves you feeling euphoric which means that the push and intensity of a workout makes you feel happy and excited.

The Light Of Sight :: essays research papers

In this universe there are many thing that we cannot explain. Among these many things is light. Light, as far as we know, come in different wavelengths and the size of the wavelength determine what type of light it is. The middle wavelength lights are what gives us the seven basic colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Beside these visible lights there are the lights that cannot be seen by the human eye. These invisible lights can be grouped into two other groups the long waves and short waves. The first group of waves is the longer wavelength of light including infrared and radio waves. Radio waves, the longest wavelengths, alternate and can be volatile. Arthur C. Clarke said in the essay "The Light of Common Day" that since radio waves fluctuate so much no animal has ever been able to sense them. He goes on to say that if you had an eye big enough to see radio waves your eyes would be millions of times larger than a normal eye. The next longest wave is the infrared light waves. Infrared light is used nowadays to see in the night. Special goggles are designed to pick up infrared light making it possible to see at night. The next group of light waves are the shorter waves of ultraviolet and x-rays. Ultraviolet light, sometimes referred to as UV, is right next to violet and is just beyond sight. UV light is what causes sunburns and can be very painful. In Arthur C. Clarks essay it states that even though UV light is not visible the retina of the human eye reacts powerfully to it. He compare the human eye to a camera and says that a good camera need may types of lenses made out of different types of glass to take a good picture. The human eye has only one lens and cannot possible see UV light. The last type of light is the x-ray. The x-ray is the smallest wave and is used in the medical field greatly to take pictures through flesh of bones. Even though x-rays are very useful they can be very dangerous. They have been know to disrupt radio waves and can poison a human body to the point of death.

Critically Analyse How Your Contribution to Your Ipe Team Impacted on the Functioning and Ultimate Output of This Team

This essay will demonstrate to the reader how my personal contribution to the inter professional education (IPE) team impacted towards the purpose and output of team working throughout this module. The essay will aim to draw upon several theories in order to support the research gathered on different ways of effective team working methods. In addition to this, team working roles will be discussed and will include the contribution I made as an individual. Furthermore, the essay will draw upon how this experience will affect how the student approach’s team working within the healthcare setting. The IPE team consisted of five individuals, all from different professional disciplines: two radiographers, a paramedic, a physiotherapist and myself a paediatric nurse. A productive team is essential for the success of any task and for this to take place the team needs to develop over several stages prior to the productive stage (Wong, 2007). The model constructed by Tuckman and Jenson (1977) involves four stages; forming, storming, norming and performing. Looking at the four stages, not all teams go through all the above stages and not all teams go through the stages in the same way. However, a successful team is one who can adapt through the different stages as and when required (Borrill, 2002). Our team fluctuated many times through these different stages, however, this can be seen as a characteristic of a successful team (Avery, 2004). Looking at the theoretical behaviours of the team throughout the different stages, the team had reached the performing stage, meaning the team were producing outstanding results. This involved the members of the team working together to undertake the task at hand. During week two of the module, the team met and each team member introduced themselves. Moreover, the group took time to inform each other about their roles within their different healthcare professions. At this stage, all members of the group were rather quiet and from the onset there was no leader that I could identify. This was because we were in the ‘forming’ stage of group development (Tuckman & Jenson, 1977). As the team had never met prior to this stage, the forming stage was possibly the most important. Our first task to be carried out as a team was to create and present a presentation on the topic of new ways of working. As a team we identified our own individual strengths and weaknesses and also took this time to get to know one another better. We discussed the role of appointing a team leader, however at this stage no one wanted to take up this responsibility. By not assigning a leader at this point, can be seen as a disadvantage as this meant there was no specific person delegating the work between the members of the team (Fisher, 2000). Therefore, we agreed to work together and decided to distribute the work evenly between us. By doing this, it can be said that we were a consolidating team as each of us knew what work had to be done for the following meeting (Woodcock, 1979). Each member kept to their designated tasks and completed it well however exact roles within the group were not noticeable. As time was a huge factor, I felt the team pulled together very well, producing and delivering a successful presentation. Having delivered the formative presentation, at the end of week two, each team was given the remit for the summative presentation. As a group we came to the decision that we would meet before members went out to practice placements. In the first meeting where the summative presentation was discussed, as a group we decided the initial research for the topic should be split equally between us. As we recovered an excellent result whilst doing the formative presentation, we felt this method worked for us. We then agreed that the next meeting should consist of sharing the different information each group member had obtained. This would then enable us to decide what our presentation would be based on and hence what information should be provided in the presentation to acknowledge the audience about our service. The ‘storming’ and ‘norming’ stages of Tuckman and Jenson’s (1977) model took place in the following meetings. At this point I felt there were more evident roles within the team although it was clear each team member had their own individual strengths. According to Belbin’s (2001) team roles, I felt within the team we had a co-ordinator, implementer, plant, team worker and a specialist. As a team we were able to share ideas and work together to help each other out. The roles within the team changed overtime nd it could be seen some members of the group undertook more than one role. The group shared their ideas with each other in order to come up with a reasonable service to provide for the public. However, the team faced obstacles as the initial service did not meet the aims and objectives set out. To overcome this, we conversed as a team and did not let this fall back put our spirits down. Thinking of a service to involve all of our different professional disciplines was hard for the team as it had to focus upon paediatrics, as my course is directed at paediatric nursing. Some members of the team found it hard to grasp the concept of the service being aimed at paediatrics only, as their individual professions include treating adults as well as children. At this stage I found myself taking on a slight leadership role as my profession involves taking care of children and ensuring their needs are met. According to Belbin’s (2001) team roles, I felt my role in the team was a co-ordinator as well as a plant. At the end of meetings I found myself delegating small tasks to each individual so that research gathered could then be brought together in order to begin to build a foundation for our presentation. Another member of the group also took this role and we found working together produced efficient and faster results. As time progressed, members of the team began to notice a couple of the group members were struggling with research and were not pulling their weight as much as the rest of the team. During our meetings, it could be seen that these members of the group, took on a specialist role within the group (Belbin, 2001). Even though they provided some knowledge and skills to the group, this was seen to be on a rare basis and contribution to the task was minimal (Belbin, 2001). Personally I was disappointed as time was a factor and certain areas of research were not being carried out. A team leader can be defined as one who can persuade people to agree with their way of working through a non coercive manner (Marquis & Huston, 2009). On the other hand, any one can be a leader, and each can have their own different behavioural style (Cartwright, 1951). Looking at this, any of the team members could have spoken to the remaining group members regarding their lack of input towards the presentation. Analysing the situation, shows that I took more of a Laissez-faire type of leadership style as I never confronted the group members who did not contribute as much as others (Cartwright, 1951). As the deadline approached, the team members carried out the remainder of the research in order to finalise the presentation. My role had now become a completer/ finisher as well as still aiming to co-ordinate the team and be a team worker. This meant along with helping others, I also had the task of ensuring all the work was completed to a high standard. With the help from other team members, I was able to ensure all outcomes had been achieved, ready to deliver the final presentation. Fortunately we moved into the performing stage fairly quickly which aided making up for time lost during the extended storming phase. The team worked very well together and rarely needed my input as a co-ordinator. Members were working harmoniously in order to complete the task and therefore, my main role at this stage was to facilitate the process and complete my aspect of the task. As stated above, taking the role as completer, I made sure everything was done to the best of the team’s ability. Mini deadlines were set to keep the team working at a comfortable pace, ensuring all team members could discuss their progress with one another. The other two members of the team as well as my self, who shared the role as co-ordinators, set a deadline before the presentation was to be delivered in order to give us enough time to correct any problems. This gave the group enough time to rehearse the presentation and ensure that the work produced was to the best of our ability. The latest vision for the improvement of healthcare states a greater level of communication between healthcare professionals is vital (UK Department of Health, 2008). Going through the process of working with other healthcare professionals was a simulation of what working inter-professionally in the real world would be like. The conflicts that were come across, especially those that arose from members having different healthcare backgrounds and therefore making time an issue, gave a true picture of how difficult this new vision will be to achieve. However, it also taught us how these problems can be overcome and how having an understanding and appreciation of other healthcare professional’s responsibilities is crucial for integrated patient care. Simple things, for example, re-iterating common goals made the team’s performance more focussed. On the whole, the process and concept of inter-professional learning to achieve a successful outcome was a very valuable task in preparing us to work as a team in the healthcare environment and is now crucial to achieve the best possible patient care available.