Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Edgar Allan Poe - Essay modelHowever his solitude would have been the inspiration for him to come up with classics of global class. This assumption was made from the concomitant that he was orphaned in the age of two and was deprived of the love and care of his parents at quantify he deserved it the most. Moreover the destiny of sorrow and suffering had followed him thoroughly all along his life. be brought up as an orphan, the solitude didnt leave him even in his adulthood. His wife Virginia Clemm, whom he hook up with in 1936, left this world leaving him alone not so long after their union (Liukkonen P ,2008).The first collection of Edgar Allan Poes lops was published in 1840. The collection tilted Tales of the marvelous and Arabesque, had in it one of his work of high fame, The Fall of the House of Usher. This narrated the sorrow of one of his friend and conveyed the precedents compassion towards his friend. The next one in the row was In Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1 838) which was one of his long-life works. This masterpiece was again a tragic story but contained mesmerizing innovations dealing with the tribes in the polar Circle. The next year Allan Poe brought out The Conchologists First Book which proved to be a past best seller. The linguistic skill of the artist was impeccably confirmed in this piece of art, as this work was really a retrieval of a work by Thomas Wyatt which proved to be a market failure. The Raven, which preached love was published in 1845 and brought national fame for the writer. Interestingly, this poem also spoke of sentimental feelings as the main theme was on a lost love. Probably, the tragedies that happened in his life and the cruel destiny that unploughed snatching the loved ones from the authors life would have inspired this beauteous work (Liukkonen P ,2008).The cistron that inspired me in the artistic works of Edgar Allan Poe is the positive energy he has

Final Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final Exam Questions - date ExampleAlthough mergers and acquisitions are always used in the same breath, the two terms have polar implications. Generally, the main difference between mergers and acquisitions is based on how the purchase is articulated and communicated or received by the concerned parties. For example, unlike acquisitions, mergers occur when two companies agree to join and operate as wizard. In this regard, the integrated companies can operate as equals or through laid down agreements. On the other hand, acquisitions affect a social club taking over another company and establishing itself as the owner through a purchase. A fundamental characteristic of many acquisitions is that the acquiring company always takes over the management and self-command of the other companies they have acquired and eventually combine their operations. In this regard, the controlling power of iodin company is transferred from sensation shareholder group to another. One of the ways through which mergers and acquisitions contribute to business growth and expansion is that they press quicker methods for companies to grow and reorganize their assets portfolios. They allow companies to acquire assets across many industries. It allows them to establish and penetrate overbold-fangled markets depending on the objectives of the company acquired assets may be sold or retained (Maksimovic, 2011). ... In an acquisition, the acquiring company establishes sustainable positive results by spreading its risks through many different industries (Ross, 2005). Another important portion of mergers and acquisitions related to business growth is that they enable companies take advantage of economies of scale. They increase the purchasing power of equipments and office supplies saving costs. This is due to increased negotiation power due to increased company size. The new entities, can access new technologies which gives them a competitive edge over their competitors. Expenses re lated to information and intelligence agency logistics are also reduced due to a shared infrastructure. This makes the cost of production per unit output to decrease increasing profits (Maksimovic, 2011). Question 4 How can a firm create the conditions for mental institution? There are a diverse number of ways through which firms can create alter conditions for innovation. Innovation is crucial to the growth and sustainability of modern companies because. Increased innovation leads to to a greater extent products in the market generating more sales. The top companies in the world are leading in innovations. Creating a refinement of innovation is one of the best ways that companies can create favorable conditions for innovation. For example, a culture of risk aversion is one of the critical barriers to innovation. As a result, to ensure continued innovation, firms should move from risk aversion organizational culture to a culture of calculated risk taking. Similarly, firms shoul d also create organizational cultures that promote curiosity and valuation account of mistakes and wish to experiment with new things. This includes giving the employees the freedom to experiment, promotion of open communication as salubrious as

The current extended interpretation of the Commerce Clause Research Paper

The current extended interpretation of the Commerce Clause - Research Paper role modelThere is little doubt that the conventional and accepted common meaning of commerce both in common discourse as well as in legal language, was mercantile trade and the additionally associated activities (Natelson & Kopel, 2011).There are at least four possible interpretations which have been proposed in interpretation of the moneymaking(prenominal) Clause (Scheb & Stephens, 2007, pg. 100). First it has been advocated that the clause bestows upon the Congress the absolute personnel to control commerce. nether this construal, states are deprive off power to check interstate commerce. Secondly, it has been interprated that theclause gives Congress and the states contemporaneous powers to regulate commerce. Under this interpretation, state edict of commerce is unenforceable only in cases where it is pre-empted by federal laws (Exploring Constitutional Conflicts, 2011).Third, the Commerce Clause ha s been see to imply that both the congress and the states each have their own mutually exclusive zones of regulatory power. Under this construal, it becomes the responsibility of the judicial system to determine whether one sovereign has invaded the exclusive regulatory zone of the other.The dying interpretation that has been advanced is that the clause by its own force dissociates states the power to regulate commerce in certain ways, but both the Congress and States retain coexisting power to control commerce in many other respects. This forth interpretation, is a complicated and convoluted hybrid of two others, and it is the approach employ by the courts in their decision while interpreting the commerce clause.According to Marshall (Kommers, Finn, & Jacobsohn, 2004, pg. 301), as farsighted as any aspect of commerce implicated or involved more than one state, such(prenominal) as transportation or the exchange of commodities across state lines, congress may regulate it. The pow er to regulate, however, is equally broad. He added, this power, like all others

Common Merit vs Anniversary Date Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Common Merit vs Anniversary Date - Essay Ex healthyCompany practices of granting merit increases ar usually pre-defined in compensation and execution rating policies and procedures, which indicate the frequency of performance reviews evaluation standards, criteria, measures, and military rating scale and equivalent percentage increases according to ratings.The merit fitting is the date at which an employee is eligible for a performance evaluation and a merit increase (Chesterfield, 2008). There are two popular slipway for administering annual merit increases, either using a common merit date for all employees or o common ways or by using by using the employees day of remembrance date of hire.One practice for administering the annual merit increase is by using the employees day of remembrance date of hire. This means that one year after the employee was hired, he/she becomes eligible for a performance evaluation and a merit increase, and then every year thereafter, on his/her an niversary date. The advantage of using the anniversary date of hire as against a common merit date, is that it ensures that an employee has been given a full 12-month stoppage to exhibit the job performance he/she will be evaluated on. Considering the length of the period, the employee would be able to change performance over the course of the months or remedy any bad performance exhibited within ample time till the evaluation date. For the company, planning, implementing and monitoring the evaluation process and the granting of merit increases using the anniversary date would mean a lot more work as anniversary dates would be different from employee to employee. Schedules of performance evaluation have to be pre-defined for each employee according to his/her anniversary date, tracked, and monitored for completion, usually a joint function of the HR department and the immediate manager. The greater the heel of employees of a company, the more work it would entail. For managers w ith a number of subordinates to evaluate, it would also mean

Evolutions in China Film Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Evolutions in mainland China Film Industry - look for ExampleThe charter perseverance is a dynamic sector, compelling various fool industries in opposite countries to adopt the most recent technologies to remain relevant as far as audition satisfactions atomic number 18 concerned (Blythe, 2008). The main objective and criteria in the advancements of movie technologies is to improve the pure tone and the ability of the audience to enthrall such films, either at the cinema among early(a) media. This discourse is about the changes or improvements in the Chinas film industry, as a result of advancements of engineering science in the last two decades. It involves the comparisons of just aboutwhat selected movies produced in the last two decades and those produced as recently as this year. China mainly ventures in lead categories of movies namely commercial films, propaganda films as well as art films. The three categories undergo common film production procedures but differ i n the main themes behind them. Commercial movies are meant to promote regional and international businesses and this includes adverts and promotes among others (Hetzel, 2008). Propaganda movies are those employing more fictions in other words, thoughts and actions beyond human capacity. This category is the most selling. It whitethorn also include animations and sci-fi depending on the technology applied. Art films or movies are those promoting Chinese art and skills kindred Ti-Chi, Judo and Tae-Kwando among others (Rojas, 2007). The irony is that Chinese art films are more common in the Western world than in the country itself. This could be due to the fact that Chinese do not appreciate their practices or socialization while the Western part of the world does (Zhang, 2012). Advancement in movie technologies has seen the overall improvements in film production houses for the last two decades. Some of these technologies and invented in the country while others are adopted from a tomic number 63 and North America among other parts of the world (Wilkins, 2009). China first employed the VHS tape technology as the main movie storage tools. Movies could be recorded in such tapes then distributed for sale. The technology was helpful although it had some limitations. The tapes and tee casings were cumbersome to carry around, more so during distribution. There not great lasting and their quality could be compromised by dust or damp environment. Movies were later recorded on the DVDs which came with several advantages. DVDs are light in weight hence easy to transport, easy to manage and produces quality images compared to those recorded on the tapes. DVD technology still plays a great role in the innovational Chinese movie industry. The majority who cannot afford the Cinemas can simply walk to the movie stores located in almost corner of the country and pick the favorite movie in the DVDs (Pogue, 2012). The 2012 Chinese movie industry survey indicates that about 8 0% of the countrys film revenue was from the local consumption. However, the technology of DVDs came with some limitations, for instance, their quality is greatly compromised by electromagnetic waves among other radiations. A single scratch on the DVDs may create its way to the dust bin and only few and expensive DVDs can be re-written among other limitations. Then followed the BluRay technologies, which is far much better than the DVD technology but expensive. The modern generation in China accesses their favorite movies through the digital downloads. The movie industries have collaborated with various cloud companies so that the audience can download their favorite movies anytime and from any corner of the globe at a reasonable

From Research to Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

From Research to Practice - Assignment Example whizz of these researches to practice demonstration is the consumption of heparinized saline for the flushing peripheral intravenous catheters was compared to saline (Keele, 2011). In this practical, saline was order to be more clinically effective in maintaining the peripheral catheters. As a result to this research, majority of acute care facilities made a recommendation use on patients only as a plush for the peripheral catheters.Research on cancer fatigue has been in progress for the last decade, and a research was conducted on the effects of mobile and moderate exercise on patients undergoing active cancer therapy, and handling. The results showed that active exercise had positive results on fatigue, functional capacity, activity level and sleep. Since then, this method is practiced in the treatment of cancer related fatigue which has been adopted by many cancer treatment centers, and thus wake that research can be put into pra ctice and show success.In the near future, it is good to use evidence based research in the field of nursing as it gives a wide filling of solution, and gives the correct treatment to a client. Evidence based practice is important for nursing, but its full instruction execution is hindered by the evidences

Most Popular Alcohol Brands Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

more or less Popular Alcohol Brands - Assignment ExampleAccording to the research findings, priority 1 is ensuring that the consumers have in full access to the information about the brands, both new and existing ones. Action Step Hanging advertising posters, displays and any other relevant information about the quality of the unpopular brands. Objective To persuade as many customers as possible to taste and continue buying the unpopular alcohol brands. Priority 2 Ensuring full participation of staff and senior management in enhancing sales of the unpopular brand. Action pure tone Educating the entire staff about selling and promotional activities. Objective To create a competitive team that will promote high sales from inside the store to the alcohol market. Priority 3 Pricing, marketing strategies, and time of this operation. Action step Conduct market research about the prevailing alcohol prices and site a cheaper price for the product. Develop the marketing strategies and d etermining the period that the whole exercise will take.

The Effect of Media on Audience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Effect of Media on Audience - demonstrate ExampleI will use the subject to the subject model in comparing how the both articles answer to the effect of video gaming to the individuals performing them and to the whole society at large. In the firstly article, most research studies show that playing anti-social video games for instance vehement ones lead to violent behaviors and attack by the individuals who play such games. This is because in playing these video games, one is actively involved in it and hence will tend to behave in the manner in which he plays. Another land is that individuals who play violent video games normally identify with the violent character and so they will besides behave aggressively. The violent games also reward violent behaviors as those who are violent in playing are rewarded by points, are allowed to move to the next stage or through spoken applause for instance Great shot after murdering the opponent. This reward ensures there are increases in the frequency of violence. This is turn out through a study in which boys were seen to be more aggressive after playing an intent video game. For instance, In a study published in the Journal of Experimental Social psychological science this year, participants played either a violent or non-violent video game for 20 minutes per mean solar day over 3 days. After playing the game, they then played a competitive line in which, if they won, they could blast their opponent with an unpleasant noise. The researchers found that participants who played violent games blasted their opponents in the secondary task for longer, which was interpreted as an increase in aggressive behavior (Silvia 54). According to Clay Routledge, a psychologist, if violent games can cause aggression and violent behavior then it goes without saying that prosocial video games such as tit for tat games can lead to prosocial behavior. Prosocial means behavior that will have positive effect on the society.

Mintaka Star Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mintaka Star - Research Paper ExampleWhile looking up to the set up during the Tasmanian Summer, it is possible for one to pick up the popular Orion constellation. One of the major enthr aloneing features that people see in the Orion smash is the three senses, which people consider to be the behemoths belt. Mintaka is the star that is situated to the westernmost end of the belt, and it is an Arabic word that is associated with a belt. Alnilam is the central star and it refers to a belt of pearls. Alnitak is situated to the easternmost side and it refers to a girdle. All these stars are utter to give been formed at the same time and are also situated at an refer surmount from earth. Rigel, Saiph, Bellatrix and Betelgeuse stars were formed almost at the same time as the three stars (Gonzalez). When observing all these stars on the celestial sphere, Rigel appears to be the brightest one, and it is characterized by a white/blue appearance, while star Betelgeuse shines brightly with a reddish hue. The other stars have varying degrees of brightness, all emitting whitish color. Like in the solecism with most constellations, the unique stars which are associated with a unique figure are positioned at varying degrees of distance from the viewing positions that people adopt here on earth but they do not have a mutual ancestry. However, in Table 1, the stars that are situated in Orions belt together with the other fainter stars that are above and to the right of the belt share a common distance, which is nearly 1000 light years from earth (Starr).

Analysis of Management base off of the book Who Moved My Cheese by Essay

Analysis of Management base off of the book Who Moved My cheeseflower by Spencer Johnson - Essay ExampleChanges are unique and specific depending on the diversity of the browseplaces however, they display many degree of similarity with regard to how they are implemented. For any firm to run, it has to undergo some modifys. The deepens may be both internal and external, and they occur along its life line aimed at various reasons of prosperity. As a result, the necessities for the interchanges are numerous. Firstly, internal change assists in maximizing the opportunities presented by the proposed change. This is achievable and is usually guided by the laid down procedure that presents the innovation. Also, it helps identify and over beat impediments that overburden a given enterprise which right off brings down the outcome for which the organization is set. Change could also be done to minimize the disruption to programs and services. This is furcateicularly where there is no clear definition of roles in a workplace. In most cases, this leads to the duplication of duties hence, inefficiency in service delivery (Mayle & Salman, 2009). External changes usually arise from the authorities, and they do not necessarily aim at improving the conditions at the work place. However, these changes have to be dealt with to fix a good working environment. When these changes come about, it is the duty of the wariness to know how to deal with them. The management is, therefore, involved in various ways with this regard. This is because it has to ensure that it balances the changes being introduced and the interests of the people executing them (Spencer, 1998). Hence, its role is double edged initial to ensure that the change is execute as well as solve any dispute or resistance arising from the given change. The management of these changes can only be successful if the manager applies appropriate managerial styles. The managements first mandate is overseeing of the e nactment of changes and using various management styles. Furthermore, management styles evolve with time hence, they can be classified as old and new. However, they all serve the purpose intended. The first approach is organizational using (OD). This is an approach which recognizes the reality of post-modern organization. This internal change approach enhances the separation of roles brought about by the intended change hence, increased efficiency (Mayle & Salman, 2009). The Integrated Strategic Approach (ISC) as another outline. This is change management method where participation is encouraged. This is such that all employees are involved in the analysis, planning and implementation process. Therefore, this means that they work together towards creating shared ownership, as well as improving coordination and integration of all work stations. This change .management approach fits well because it faces less resilience since it creates an environment where every worker feels as pa rt of the system (Beerel, 2009). Trans-organizational development (TD) is another approach which is emerging. This approach has been brought about by the realization that everything is interdependent and organizations are part of a bigger system. TD is a form of planned change that enables organizations to collaborate with each other in resource and risk sharing. This is especially in cases of external changes that cut across various organizations. Spencer (1998) suggests that organizations should approach change less

The Scientific Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Scientific Method - Essay ExampleThe message seemed to commute from dont drink alcohol to if you drink, drink in relief. More scientific correction actually found that consuming some(prenominal) sorts of alcohol in moderation, such as one nut of wine per day, actually had healthy benefits for the heart. Now the message changed to drink certain types of alcohol in moderation can actually be good for you. The most recent studies seem to now indicate that the expenditure of alcohol is irrelevant to good heart health. The grapes provide the real benefit, not the alcohol so drinking a small amount of grape juice can render the same beneficial cause as a glass of wine. These ever-changing messages we get about the consumption of alcohol and how it relates to human health is a good example of what science can and can not do. Following the scientific order is a great way to systematically answer scientific questions. But Science cannot provide the altogether picture just from one experiment. Multiple researchers and experiments need to be conducted to constantly add to our body of knowledge. Eventually, some things may become accepted as proof of one concept or another, but victimization the scientific method is no guarantee that causality or truth can be established.

The aim of the project is to find a Competitive inhibitor which will Essay

The labour of the project is to find a Competitive inhibitor which will inhibit the methylation of Protein phosphate 2A (PP2A) Via LCMT-1 - Essay ExampleThis agent that the methylation of PP2A may be an important regulatory mechanism on the condition that the PP2A methylation is tightly regulated.Tamanoi and Clarke (2006, p. 316) further presents that on that point are two main levels of regulation of the PP2A. This is may be achieved either through demethylating enzyme LCMT1 or PME-1 or the regulation at the C-terminal tail of PP2AC site (Tamanoi and Clarke, 2006, p. 316). Furthermore, they advance that the methylation of PP2A can also be regulated or deregulated by certain diseases(Sheng 2013). Seshacharyulu, Pandey, Datta and Batra (2013, p.9) elaborates that PP2A serves to regulate the function by dephosphorylating numerous important cellular molecules much(prenominal) as the p53 and Akt. The PP2A is significant in critical cellular processes including signal transduction, pr oliferation and apoptosis.PP2A is structurally multifarious made up of catalytic, allow and regulatory subunits. The brave out and catalytic sub-units of the PP2A comp turf out of two major isoforms, whereas the regulatory sub-unit has four distinct families of dissimilar isoforms. Of these sub-units, the regulatory sub-unit is considered the most diverse in terms of spatial and temporal specificity.The PP2A usually undergoes certain post-translational changes such as methylation and phosphorylation that serve to regulate the enzymatic activity of PP2A. Certain somatic alterations, mutations and aberrant expression of the PP2A support and regulatory sub-units have been common in a variety of malignancies in humans including skin, breast and lung cancers. This demonstrates that the determination of PP2A as a tumor suppressor (Seshacharyulu et.al 2013). A group of heterogeneous genes encode the individual subunits of the enzyme. This gives rise to a multitude of various PP2A holoe nzyme complexes (Schnthal 2013, p.2). Some of the observations that PP2A puts certain stimulatory and

Telecommuting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Telecommuting - Essay ExampleThis also leads to severe and counterproductive whippy on the time available for engaging in healthy and relaxing recreation, thus culminating in unseasonable lifestyles, health problems, workaholic routines and a plethora of other problems. With the real estate prices in the worry centres around the world, skyrocketing, businesses be also realizing the futility of investing capital on the office space, hardware, furniture and other professional amenities. However, the things are no more going to be the same as they were in the days of the yore. The digital technology has literally revolutionized the way organizations and people work and has facilitated both the employers and the employees with a myriad options and possibilities. Telecommuting, also referred to as e-work, telework, e-commuting, working from main office (WFH) or working at home (WAH) is a trend that is fast catching up with the business organizations and the workers all over the world .Telecommuting is increasingly becoming an accepted norm and lifestyle in the US and throughout the developed world. More and more companies are realizing the benefits of allowing the employees to avoid or shorten their commuting obligations by allowing them to work from home by using the latest gadgets and the technology to stay connected with their office tribunal and management. Even before the concept of telecommuting came into vogue, there do existed employees who were occasionally allowed to work from home by their employers. As per a recent survey conducted by Dieringer Research Group, it was found that in the year 2005, the

Angie's list company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Angies list company - Research Paper ExampleFor instance, it uses an F-grading-system that is monitored through improved technology (Angies number Unveils Naughty & Nice refer Newsroom pr.10). Human review is used to certify clarity and genuineness of the reviews stick on by the consumers. Utmost local companies rely on the companys excellent review service.Angies List, Inc offers work in approximately 200 cities in the United States. The company offers satisfactory services to legion(predicate) small backupes. This implies that most companies and consumers appreciate the competence in service and technological reliability of Angies List Company (Angies List Reports First Quarter 2014 Results (ANGI). Pr.6). It has a culture of inaugurating locally based affiliations. Local respondents verify that the company has assumed and partaken as one among the most reliable legal advisors. Most importantly, the founders and employees believe in sustained innovation with an objective of ascertaining better services.Success and failure are feasible experiences that any business can undergo. Angies List Company may have suffered from insignificant losses when it commenced operations. However, the company has self-possessed an admirable pace in development over the past few years. First, it intends to invest more on infrastructure and technology (Angies List Loss Widens - Newsroom pr.4). The company has a tendency of improving the quality of services through the adoption of new and reliable technology. In addition, increased infrastructural units will effectively harbor the euchre employees that the company intends to hire. Ideally, the companys reputable status in customer review service is deemed to persist sustained in the

Hospitality-Accounting Professions in Hotel Essay

Hospitality-Accounting Professions in Hotel - Essay ExampleThe role of the controller should be emphasised in order to gain competitive advantage.Another unique and contributing constituent of account statement in shape of improved planning, controlling, co-ordinating and evaluation of firms performance. In addition, both industry and regulatory bodies should lead together to promote the fair accounting practices in the industry. While keeping in view the instance of Australian hospitality industry in competition with the international hospitality industry, Australia should use fairness as an approach to compete with the global competition.I would worry to express my gratitude to all the people who have been slavish in the completion of this paper. First, my mentor, who has been very patient in guiding me byout this undertaking. I would in like manner deal to thank the Australian hospitality industry managers who have dedicated their time and thoughts. I would also like to thank my friends and loved ones that have supported me until the completion of the paper. Lastly, I would like to thank our Lord cleric for giving me the fortitude to accomplish this feat. To you be all the gloryPerhaps the foremost social and respectable responsibility levied upon private and public organisation in recent decades is the adoption of fair and just accounting practices. This responsibility is being increasingly codified in laws and various accounting standards. Its influence is becoming increasingly pervasive through a constant series of new and improved standards as well as steady enlargement in the size and scope of administering agencies.The improvement in public scrutiny and controlled securities industry discipline is largely dependent upon the meaningful and accurate disclosure of information. This not only helps the shareholders but also helps the organisation to conduct business in a safe and efficient manner by achieving their targets through improving the ir risk management processes. The researchers find many gaps in the appropriate disclosure of risk by the organisations. Many surveys have been conducted, a wide variety of studies and interviews from the information users and shareholders have pointed out towards gaps in the before long disclosed information. The demand of provision of accurate and timely information is increasing. (AICPA, 2005) describes the following uses of the business reports. Promote a common understanding of terms and alternatives that facilitate negotiations between users and companies about the (Murphy, 1999) sees Financial reporting and financial statements in particular depose be thought of as a less through which one can view a business. Financial reporti

The Enhancement of the Quadruped Robot Essay Example for Free

The Enhancement of the quadrupedal Robot Essay1. A TOY ROCK CLIMBING zombiThe goal of this thesis was to embodiment a simple toy rock climbing zombi, and to explore problems related to grasping, path planning, and zombie control. The golem is capable of climbing a wall of pegs either under manual control through a host system and an infr ard interface, or on the basis of a set of pre-recorded key frames. In addition, the robot can climb certain peg configurations apply a cyclic gait. The robot climbs in an open-loop mode with discover sensor feedback. All communications are sent through the IR connection, and the tether to the robot consists only of two power wires.2. MOBILE ROBOT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGYThis thesis gives a working example on how to design and put through a remotely controllable infix system consisting of two subsystems who arecommunicating with each other using Bluetooth Low Energy. The subsystems are a movable peripheral found on the Parall ax Sumobot development kit, and Atmel AVR Butterfly, the Texas Instruments CC2540 development kit and a theatrical roler insert interface using the Apple iPhone 4S.3. NEURO-FUZZY CONTROL OF A ROBOTIC ARMThis thesis first outlines the theory, historical background, and industry of neural networks and fuzzy logic. The review of neural networks and fuzzy logic is followed by a discussion of the junto of the two technologies neuro-fuzzy techniques. The two tools gestate been successfully combined to maximize their individual strengths and compensate for shortcomings. A passel is given of previous work make in applying these technologies to control systems.1. ROBOTIC ARM A MOUSE CONTROLLED IN HUMAN MODE AND A SELF CONTROLLED IN A.I. MODEThe robotic spike is a PIC based prototype that can pick and drop objects from one side to the other side. The robotic arm has a building complex mechanism that can carry and grips object. Mouse is utilize as a controller for it is widely use in the environment especially those who have PC at home. The robotic arm has a degree of freedom because it is composed of servo motors that makes the robotic arm rotates, bend and grips objects. We are also using here the concept of the sure time operation, how fast the data being transmitted to the receiver. In every operation that we have done using the optical mouse corresponds a unique movement of the robotic arm. It has also an A.I mode which makes the robotic arm moves by itself.3 Foreign Literature1. COOPERATIVE ROBOTICS USING WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONOn September 12, 2001, in the aftermath of the terra firma Trade Center terrorist attacks, mobile robots made their first appearance in an demonstrable human search-and- pull through mission. While fully autonomous robots are non yet practical, mobile robots assisted rescue workers in locating more than two percent of the victims that were discovered. These robots were sent into tiny crevices, used to explore buried rooms with camera vision, and were surface accepted by the rescue community. While this was a landmark situation for the multi-disciplinary field of robotic search-and-rescue, it also showed the great need for further research and development. Fully autonomous and cooperative robots appease an unrealized goal for researchers worldwide.2. HUMAN-ROBOT COLLABORATIONNASAs vision for space exploration stresses the cultivation of humanrobotic systems (NASA 2004). Fong and Nourbakhsh target out that to reduce human workload, costs, fatigue driven error and risk, intelligent robotic systems will have to be part of mission design. They also observe that scant attention has been paid to joint humanrobot teams, and making humanrobot collaboration natural and efficient is crucial to future space exploration.3. A REVIEW OF THE APPLICABILITY OF ROBOTS IN EDUCATIONRobots are becoming an integral component of our society and have great potential in being utilized as an educational technology. To promote a deeper reason of the area, we present a review of the field of robots in education. Several prior ventures in the area are discussed (post-2000) with the help of classification criteria. The dissecting criteria include domain of the learning activity, location of the activity, the role of the robot, types of robots and types of robotic behavior. Our overview shows that robots are primarily used to provide language, science or technology education and that a robot can take on the role of a tutor, tool or peer in the learning activity.1. WIFI CONTROLLED MOBILE ROBOTThe tablet acts as the controller and video monitor, communicates thru wifi via a SMART phone on control panel (Galaxy Pocket). The smart phone serves as the camera thru IP Webcam and receives UDP packets via a python script running in the background, the true data is transferred to the motor controller via bluetooth so that a cheaper microcontroller can be used rather than using the ADK.2. ROBOCOPIn Manila They call it mack, or the Mechanical Anti-Terrorist Concept, and it did the inventors and the Philippines proud when it was adjudged the winner in the first World Cup for Computer-Implemented Inventions held recently in China. And the victory is not to be taken for granted since mack came out on top to win the gold medal among the inventions submitted by 50 countries in the global contestation hosted by Suzhou in China. macintosh has been short letterd on active duty at the police segment of suburban Makati City in Metro Manila, considered the countrys financial centre as well as home to many of the big multinational companies as well as foreign embassies. Mac was also conferred the rank of police inspector, which is equivalent to a captain in the military.As its name implies, Mac is one a one-armed, two-foot tall go wrong disposal Robocop invented by a four-man team, led by Roel toilet Judilla, the former dean of the mechanical engineering department of the Mapua Institute of Technolog y (MIT), one of the countrys top engineering private schools. The other members include Virgilio Malang of the Filipino Inventors Society and MIT senior engineering students Jaylord Jaoud and kit up Mistosamente. After months of fine-tuning, the countrys first bomb disposal robot made its public initiation in one of the shopping centres on October 14 as the latest member of the Makati police force. do of aluminium, fiberglass and engineering plastic, Mac was ordered to examine and retrieve an explosive device that was brought to a bomb disruptor where it was safely detonated.Its ability to approach, anything or anyone was also showcased when it was made to bring a mobile phone to a supposed hostage-taker in order to give the police and the suspect a way to communicate. According to Judilla, Mac is a 100 per cent Filipino invention made from spare parts bought from different galvanizing shops in Quiapo district in Manila. With Mac around, families of members of the Makati police bomb disposal unit will be assured that their loved ones will come home alive, said a confident Judilla. Senior superintendent Gilbert Cruz, the Makati police chief, agreed as he emphasised Mac will make our moving in safer. He will take on assignments which could endanger the lives of our policemen.3. FARMER ROBOTMANILA, Philippines Robots that can take interest of an entire rice field, go underwater to provide a view of the reefs and prevent ships from running aground. These robots, which were showcased during the finals of the twelfthPhilippine Robotics Olympiad, are all made by higher(prenominal) school and elementary students in the Philippines. The Dr. Yangas Colleges Inc. (DYCI) high school team, which created an entire set of robots aimed at taking care of the Banaue Rice Terraces, won first place and is set to defend its championship in the 2013 World Robotics Olympiad in Jakarta, Indonesia on November 15. It also has a robotic arm that can take samples of plants and a weather vane to measure wind speed that sends an alert when it reaches good levels that can adversely affect the plants.USB Security Door Lock3 Foreign Study1. program OF A PC BASED WIRELESS DOOR SECURITY SYSTEMThis project is developed by using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System, ATMEGA-32 Microcontroller and relay switching circuit to design a PC based Time attendance and Wireless door access system. The main objective of this project is to implement a time attendance system along with a door lock system for fearless and reliable applications. The system gives all types of information regarding student registration, in-out track record, attendance details which can be used for future reference.2. DEVELOPMENT OF SECURITY SYSTEM USING FACIAL RECOGNITIONSecurity is for the most part a state or feeling of being saved and protected, an assurance that something of value will not be taken. This paper employs two of the emerging artificial intelligence technologies Facial R ecognition and Artificial anxious Networks for developing a secure keyless door where corroboration of authorized faces arethe only guarantee for entry. This automatically built door, with a camera, has an interface with the PC forcapturing and processing images.3. MICROCONTROLLER-BASED LOCK USING COLOUR SECURITY work outNowadays, lock has evolved into the security device that embedded with the microcontroller which is usually named electronic lock. There are several authentication methods for the electronic lock and the password based electronic lock are the most ubiquitous and cheapest among them. However, on that point are some drawbacks for this type of lock. This color security code lock is designed to overcome those drawbacks. It is a microcontroller based lock which using the color sequence code as password to unlock the system.

Marketing of Guimaras Mangoes to the United States Essay Example for Free

merchandising of Guimaras Mangoes to the United States EssayThe meaty flesh of a mango harvest-feast is sweet, but the issues pit is so large and hard. Ripe mangoes are fragrant and easy to the touch, but not mushy.Mangoes can be processed into a number of unique products such as dried mangoes, puree, juice, chutney, halves and scoops, jelly jams, and pickles. A uniform forest and an adequate supply are assured passim the year through processing. Processed mangoes enable exporters to serve their markets even during off season period for sugared mangoes. Also, exporters can penetrate buying countries with strict phytosanitary requirements by supplying processed mangoes.The distinct taste and nutritionary value of Guimaras mango variety puts it above any other mango in the military man. Mango is iodine of the priority crops creation supported by the major programs of the Department of Agriculture (DA) Mangoes are included among the high school value crops to be given pr iority under the High Value Crop Law.Distribution is an exceptionally strategic phase in the selling of mangoes. The issue after harvest has to pass through several(prenominal) agencies before reaching the consumers.The Filipinos has already established its credibility in supplying high quality mangoes to important markets especially to the United States.The recent organization of the Filipino Mango Development Council provided the impulsion to unite the rudimentary players of the industry into a single advocacy group that exit work together for the ownable culture of the Philippine Mango Industry.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREOne of mans greatest triumphs in the cultivating of wild plants is the cultivated mango. Centuries of cultivation and selection produced a luscious fruit. Many varieties are freehanded in different countries. Here in the Philipines, Guimaras is known as the Mango Country, gaining the name because of its sweetest and big-sized mangoes. Based on the data of the National Statistical Coordination Board of the Republic of the Philippines, the year 2002 was a good year for Guimaras mangoes. It was in this year that it formally joined the ball export market and cooperatively, ware soared to its highest for the destruction three years. 2002 production posted a growth of 446.40 percent or five times higher over the 2001 production. disrespect the decrease in the number of fruit-bearing trees, more trees were induced to flower as favored by the hold up conditions.The Philippine mango, considered in western countries as an exotic tropical fruit, is fast gaining popularity worldwide. It is the third biggest dollar earning fruit next to banana and pineapple. But competition from other countries has led to stricter international standard controls for mango and the fruits produced in Pangasinan and the other Ilocos provinces have yet to meet quality standards demanded by the United States.The United States may go around its market to Phil ippine mangoes, with that countrys agriculture department funding a survey to relegate out which mango-producing areas have no incidence of mango seed and pulp weevils. Major importers of Philippine mangoes in the United States are looking forward to less costly mangoes from Manila with the decision by the US government in December to allow other provinces in the Philippines to export the produce. A United States-based Philippine official has revealed the introduction of a technology that would helper cut experience the shipping cost of Philippine mango exports to that country.Eventually, such technology would also allow mangoes from other areas of the country to enter the US market. Presently, unaccompanied mangoes from Guimaras Island have been allowed in the US.According to Victoriano Leviste, agriculture attach at the Philippine embassy in Washington DC, The key is to create a niche market through our Filipino residents and possibly other Asians. Philippine highly Mango (c arabao) has been gaining popularity in the US market as a sweet and more luscious fruit. The Philippine mango, coming from Guimaras Province in the Visayas, was only able to enter the US market in May, last year, after 15 years of negotiations with the US Department of Agriculture. Only Guimaras mangoes are so far original in the US. Mangoes from other areas of the country allegedly have fruit flies.Guimaras has been considered a pest-free z ane and an ideal seminal fluid of mango exports to the US. It is encouraging to note that the importance of the mango industry to the Philippine economy is now being recognized by all concerned sectors. The mango industry has provided livelihood opportunities to its growers and to those involved in its marketing channels. Similarly important is its significant contribution to the countrys export earnings being the third ranking fruit export, next to banana and pineapple. The Philippines is one of the top mango producing countries in the world with an estimated 2% share of the worlds 23.4 gazillion tons production in 1997.The other top mango producing countries are India whither 51% of total world production of mangoes comes from, China with 9% share. Mexico and Thailand both with 6% share. Exporting is one factor that helps our economy to sustain its stability with different problems it encounters. The need for unity among mango growers here in the Philippines is very important to be able to enhance the competitiveness of our own mangoes both in the local and world market. The recent validation of the Philippine Mango Development Council (Philmango), which was initiated by the DA Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance Service (AMAS), is a big step towards the proper orchestration of strategic interventions for the mango industry.CONCLUSIONMangoes from Guimaras indeed goes beyond quality and taste compared with other mangoes exported from different countries. The target of introducing and marketing of mangoes produced fr om different regions here in the Philippines to the United States should be endorsed. Only mangoes from Guimaras passed the standards in the United States. In order for our mango producers to enter the US market, there should be proper technology to assure consistent quality and supply. The bulk of the countrys mango output are grown in backyard farms which makes it hard to assure uniform and consistent supply of mangoes.There are limited mercenary farms, and exports are basically consolidation of produce from backyard orchards and small farms. Also, the lack of commercial technology in the box and in preserving the freshness to offset the long stretch from the source to distant unlike markets such as the United States should also be taken into consideration. Lastly, inefficiency and high freight charges from the local shipping industry caused so much burden. It adversely affected the smooth delivery of mangoes to its markets. Mangoes coming from Visayas and Mindanao should be tr ansported to Manila before it is exported to foreign countries the significant increase of price due to high transport costs makes it difficult to reach its destination.REFERENCESKotler, P. 1980. Marketing Management. New Jersey A Simon Schuster Company Comptons Encyclopediahttp//www.nscb.gov.phhttp//www.organicconsumers.orgLeovelyn Hope B. ParreoFebruary 26, 2010BSBM 4/ SOCIO 01Mr. Don Velez canvas THE EXPERIENCES YOU HAD IN PRIMARY SOCIAL GROUP TO YOUR EXPERIENCES IN SECONDARY SOCIAL GROUPIf theres someone who can give me good and true pieces of advice, it would be no less than my family. Every day, I came to meet and bump with different people. And these persons gave another(prenominal) dimension in my life. My second family, the organizations I have here in school also welcomed me. But there is indeed a significant difference with the bearing they care for each members. My family treats me, accepts me and understands me for the person I am. They believed in my capabilities and support me with my ambitions in life.My family gives me inspiration in everything I do. I can count on them especially in times when I experienced the down moments of my life. There was never a time when they left my side. On the other hand, my second family also gives another meaning in my life. though I am part of the family, there is no assurance that they will always be there for me through thick or thin. They also have their priorities in life. Though they can be there when I a want shoulder to cry on, or help me out with problems in school but it is just temporary. They all come and go.AbstractMango is one of the commercially and economically essential horticultural fruit crops in the Philippines. It is the third most important fruit crop, next to banana and pineapple in terms of dollars earned. It is considered as a national fruit in this country. Mangoes specifically coming from Guimaras can be eaten ripe or unripe. It is very popular around the world because of its exotic taste. The paper aims to exemplify the export of these mangoes which placed the countrys competitiveness in the world market and how it captured the United States.

Aspects and traits of different cultures and how they communicate Essay Example for Free

Aspects and traits of diverse stopping points and how they communicate Essay tillage scum bag be interpreted distinguishablely by different citizenry but the ecumenical marrow of culture can be circumscribed as peoples panache of lifespan which is passed from unity propagation to an separate and besides sh ard among otherwise different societies. The humanness has very many different societies and each of these societies bring on their own counselling of life, their beliefs and norms. The activities that people involve themselves in and the beliefs they hold is what norm all in ally forms their culture.These ethnical beliefs are the stars that distinguish superstar nightclub from other societies and therefore many societies hold their culture as a very important symbol of identification(Neil). This document discusses the general aspects and traits of different cultures. It also gives a detail view of how this traits and aspects are communicated within the societies and also across to other societies The aspects of culture generally display the general way of life of most societies in the cosmea. These aspects can be a useful base to comparing how different societies in the solid ground live.One of the most prominent aspects of culture is the government structure of the societies and the international relation ships of this companionship with the outside world. Government within any community refers to the way the people in any purchase order allow make their laws and how these laws are enforced to the society. It also brings out the issues of leadership and how it is passed on to others within the society. wholly the societies in the world have different types of governments and the way nonpareil government is numeration is certainly non the same as the other society. The way laws are made and enforced is also independent among the different societies.For example, the United States of America has its own way of making la ws and enforcing them, which is different from the way the African countries or other European countries do it. The procedures that are costed in the US to elect a professorship are non the same as the procedures that will be followed in Australia, china, or any other realm. The international relations between one country and other country are simply non the same. The way the government of UK relates with the government of Canada is not the same way it will relate to a country kindred Nigeria.The international relations ships are different between one society and other all over the world (Shapiro, p25) . Another important aspect of culture is the economies of the societies and the resources available to them. The resources that are available to one society may not be available to another(prenominal)(prenominal) society. This can be due to different geographical locations which may favor approximately societies with better resources than others. For example, some societies in the world have vivid resources while others do not have any natural resources. The resources available define a societys way of earning a living.For example some societies especially in the African continent have abundant natural resources and most of them may depend on agriculture for a living. Other countries such(prenominal) as Korea have to import the raw materials for their manufacturing industries. The resources available and the type of management will then define the type of economies the societies will have at the end of the day. The scarcity of resources within the different societies has for example brought most trade and this has formed a major characteristic of culture in the different societies(Benedict,p13).The societies have different spiritual believes and this forms the basis of religion in the different societies. People within the societies have their own believes or so the supernatural powers and this has disposed the society a clear definition of what to wo rship. For example the different societies in the world have different religions. While some societies believe in Christianity, others believe in Islamic, Hindu, cults among other religions. These beliefs attain the societys way of life very differently. The way the Islamic religion dictates life is not the same as the Christianity.Their practices and believes are different. The passing of these religions between the societies is also very different. While to some standardised Islam it is mandatory other societies find it a personal choice and therefore optional (Lull,p22) Literacy and technology is another aspect of culture. This aspect brings out the different ways in which different societies acquire education. For example how they go through school and the type of school curricula that is followed. The education system in most word societies are not the same.The kind of technology that is incorporated in the school programs is very different from one society to another. or s o societies such as western societies have more advanced technology than societies in the African context of use. What is taught in the school curricula is also different from one society to another. This eventually affects the types of societies that are finally brought up in future. Some of the societies are more technologically advanced that other societies in the world(Shapiro, p27) . Community and family life forms another part of the cultural aspect.This gives an approach of how people live and how closely they are related to each other. This also defines the kind of housing that the individuals may live in. Different societies construct their houses differently according to their beliefs. While some societies believe in stone built houses, some societies may construct mud hoses thatched with grass. The shapes and finishing of the houses constructed by the different societies is also different owing to their beliefs. The way the societies are divided for example in cost of r ace, ethnicity, family among others is also very different.This clearly means that the defined relationships between the family members in the societies are different. For example the way the younkerer people relate to the elders within the society is different across the world societies. The occasions and how they are celebrated within the societies is also very unique. For example they way the Chinese embrace their culture is not the same as then Indian society(Benedict, p17). The cultural arts and crafts within the societies are diversified. The arts that you will find in America are not the same as the arts in Asia. all the societies in the world have their unique paintings, music, sculptures, and architecture. The way the societies make the pottery, carvings, baskets, mats and others is very different. The kind of music enjoyed by one culture is not the same as the other society. These cultural aspects are lie withn to follow in every society. The only difference is that ev ery society has a unique and independent way of approaching each aspect. Apart from the aspects of culture in the societies, another major characteristic of culture is its traits. entirely cultures across the different societies have common traits.One of the cultural traits in the society is that culture is learned. every of us are natural and raised in different societies. One is not born with the culture of any specific society. Individuals learn the culture of the society they are born in. If a child is born in a different culture from his parents, the child is credibly to learn the culture of the second society and not that of his /her parents. Another trait of culture is that it is transmitted from one generation to another. People do not form other cultures when they are born.Instead the older people unremarkably pass the culture in their society to the younger generations within the same society(Neil). This reinforces and maintains culture within the societies. This is b ecause, if a culture is not passed from one generation to the next, it is most likely that that culture will eventually die. The older people therefore normally hold the debt instrument of teaching the younger people the beliefs , traditions, values and norms of the society. last is dependent on the world of symbols to communicate it from one generation to another.This means that the methods used to pass culture in one society are basically similar as methods used in another society. The symbols that are normally relied upon by the societies are the verbal and non-verbal symbols of communication. Other symbols that may be used to communicate culture include icons and images. deviate is another important trait of culture. This means that there is no one culture that is not discomfit to change. The culture that used to be followed by our great grand parents is not the same culture that we follow today.As times change, people keep changing what they believe in and this eventually c hanges the culture of the society (Benedict, p18). Change of culture is normally subject to the various changes that occur in our daily lives. For example changes in the education systems, change in technological patterned advance of the society, discoveries and innovations that may occur as life progresses. All the societies have another important cultural trait of superiority over other cultures. This trait is referred to as ethnocentric. The societies believe that their norms, values and practices are superior and far much better than those of other societies.This trait is a major source of conflict between societies since none of the societies will accept to be put pull down by another society. This trait helps the individuals within any particular society to feel proud of themselves and gift the positive image of their society. The final cultural trait in the societies is the adaptive nature of culture. As the world advances the changes that come with it must readily be acce ptable within the societies. For example most cultures in the onetime(prenominal) regarded women as a weaker sex and their role in the society was very minimal.As the technological advancement took ground, women have adapted different roles in the society and today they perform the roles that were previously referred as manlike roles. People keep adapting different styles of life as change is adapted within the cultural context of the societies (Neil). Culture is communicated using different methods within the society. Communication of culture is done through various methodologies of learning. Culture itself can be learnt consciously or unconscious. Unconscious methods include observation and practicing of what other people do within your culture.The younger people may for example start dressing, singing and behaving like other people do within their society by just observing and imitating them. The conscious methods include reading about the culture and being taught by the older generation about your culture (Benedict, p23) Culture is taught to the younger generation through proverbs, folktales, myths folklore, art, music, poetry and mass media. Many are the times when our grand parents would tell stories related to our culture. The younger generation is then expected to behave in a manner that suits the lessons they learn from the stories and legends they hear.Everything that we do in our lives, both in the verbal and non-verbal originates from what we learnt in our cultural back ground. Apart from the older generation, culture can also be learnt from other sources such as our families, teachers , sacred organizations and our peer groups. Within the family context, parents hold the sole responsibility of teaching their young ones how to behave in accordance to the societys value and norms(Lull, p28). They introduce them to the religious education and also the formal education system. What a child starts learning from the beginning of child crown forms a big ground for the cultural beliefs.For example, a child introduced to Islamic faith when very young and has grown believing in it would be very difficult to change and start believing in other religions such as Hindu or Christianity. In the institutions that we grow in, peer groups are likely to result and this forms another source where culture is learnt within the society. One is eager to learn what the other knows that he/she does not know and in this way we find that culture quickly passes to other individuals (Lull, p33). Culture is not only passed within the societies but it is passed to other societies.This has become very common in todays societies where we find that individuals do not strictly stick to the beliefs in their own society. This has resulted from the effects of globalization that takes carry in the present world. Many societies today are very integrated in different aspects of life such as marriage, trade, education among others. With such integration we find that people start dressing like other societies, eating foods similar to other societies, appreciating arts and traditions of other societies among others. People learn about other cultures through adaptation of behaviors and norms of the society at interest.Trade, media, intermarriages and education have become the best mechanisms of passing the cultures from one society to another (Toomey, p10) . In conclusion culture has the same general aspects and traits within the different societies across the world. The only difference is how these characteristics are interpreted in the different world societies. Culture is no time-consuming viewed the same as it used to be in the past. Many individuals today do not know about their culture due to the adaptation of other societal cultures which is often mixed with the native culture.This has given rise to societies with very diverse believes and many cultural conflicts within the society. Works cited Dennis ONeil. (2007). Characteristics of Culture. Available from http//anthro. palomar. edu/culture/culture_2. htm chafe Lionel Shapir. Aspects of Culture. Ayer Publishing, 1970, p23-56 Lull, J. Media, Communication, Culture A global approach. New York, Columbia University Press, 1995, p16-34 Ruth Benedict Patterns of Culture. Mariner Books, 2005,p13-44 Ting Toomey, S. communicating across cultures. New York, Guilford, 1999, p4-18

Death Penalty should be Illegal Essay Example for Free

Death Penalty should be Illegal Essay apiece year in America there are about 250 people added to death row and 35 actualized. The death penalty is the harshest form of punishment in the United States today. Once the jury has proved a criminal guilty they go to the second part of the trial the punishment phase. Lethal injection is the intimately common form of death.Capital punishment is a difficult issue and there are as many different opinions as there are people. In this country Capital Punishment is not allowed but in America it is legal and it should not be. I think that Capital Punishment should be made illegal in America. The reasons I think that this should be illegal are. Firstly it is possible to execute roundone who is innocent. If this does happen it cannot be undone whereas if they had been put in jail they could be released and given compensation. second I think that death penalty is almost not a punishment because you are not around to be punished like if you we re in jail with the poor living conditions and no freedom.The debate side strongest argument would be in 1991 a young mother was rendered helpless and made to pursue as her baby was executed. The mother was then mutilated and killed. The killer should not live in some prison with three meals a day, clean sheets, cable TV, family visits and endless appeals. For justice to prevail, some killers just engage to die.Another reason I think that Capital Punishment should be made illegal is that biography imprisonment without parole serves the same purposes as this at less cost. Right now, to execute someone in The U.S it costs approximately three times the amount it would to have them serve a life declare in prison. The money used to pay for the death row (including court appeals) comes out of the taxpayers wallets. If Capital Punishment was made illegal, this money could go to other projects in need of the funds like building new-sprung(prenominal) prisons.A while ago in Britain, a man was released from prison who was wronglyaccused of committing murder. He had been sentenced to life imprisonment, for this murder. While he was in prison he always maintained he was innocent. It took days on campaigning while he was in prison to prove that he actually was innocent. If such a crime like this had been committed in America he could have been put on death row and been executed. If later on they found out he was innocent there would be nothing they could do to bring him back to life. In Britain the man was released and given compensation. There have been cases in America where innocent people have been executed, and this is the main reason I think it should be illegal.I hope most of you will now see the reasons why capital punishment is a uncivilised of time and should not be made legal.

Children after the separation Essay Example for Free

Children after the detachment EssayFurther his studies of the effects of war on children who were isolated from their mothers at an former(a) age was considered to be research done in a crisis situation. Critics argue on a lower floor these circumstances it would be impossible to conclude how the same children would have reacted out of a war judgment of conviction environment. It was also argued that Bowlby failed to take account in his studies what had happened to the children after the separation.Bowlby was influenced greatly by James Robertsons research on the effects of separation on mother and child through hospitalisation. Robertsons studied children between six months and terzetto years of age who were separated from their mothers due to hospitalisation. Robertson claimed to have established a sequence of conduct that entirely children would pass through. This sequence consisted of distress, were children behaved in a disturbed manner. Despair whereby the child seem s to lose hope of purpose there lost parent. Lastly, the child display detachment type behaviour, refusing anyone to become involved with them. Robertson concluded that separation from their mother was harmful.In 1971 Klein and Stern studied why parents abuse their children. They found evidence in their studies that a high percentage of abused children had been born prematurely. Because these children were put into an incubator and separated from their parents an trammel was unable to develop, resulting in later abuse toward the children. The battleground concluded that there is a crucial full point when supplements not organize adequately would not be able to be re-formed. This is of considerable importance to well-disposed work in sexual intercourse to the modern day understanding of child abuse as further research has shown that many another(prenominal) abusers were once abused themselves.Klaus Kennell (1976) two paediatricians put forward the theory that they too reck ond there was a unfavorable period when attachment took place, this was immediately after birth, when the mother was physiologic ally pre-disposed to bond with her infant. It was during this time that the strength of the attachment was determined.The American National Center for Clinical Programs supports Bowlbys notion of motherlove. They propose that a parent who realises they are passing play to have a long-term relationship with their child will put more into the shell outgiving and inter live up to, as unlike to a substitute care giver who may not be so motivated as they see many children come and go and therefore do not build up a caring relationship with children. This idea has implications for fostering as a consequence may be wish of care or favouritism towards other children in their care.John Elisabeth Newson (1986) point out that one contribution of a parent is to act as a memory store for the children to play back and equate experiences. Children in a care sett ing without a key adult with whom they have a finis relationship with will be unable to build upon past experiences and this may have an impact on their mad development.Many studies have looked at whether attachment is instinctive, as Bowlby had believed.Konrad Lorenz (1935) agreed that attachment was instinctive when he put forward his imprinting theory. His observations revealed that newly hatched goslings follow the first thing they saw, this could be a human or other object and there was a brief critical period early in the goslings life when this would occur and was found to be irreversible. Lorenzs believed this was biological, a factor of evolution that ensures the young of all species are able to attach to someone for survival, and was relevant to the way humans form attachments in relation to it being an instinctive behaviour. Critics of his theory (Sluckin 1961 and Bateson 1964) have shown that if a young bird is kept isolated it sash unimprinted beyond Lorenzs critical period and imprinting can take place after the critical period has passed. This casts doubt on Lorenzs claim that imprinting processes are instinctive. Many researchers now believe that imprinting is real a process of rapid learning (MacFarlane 1975)In contrast to the theory that attachment is instinctive Colin Turnbull and Margaret Mead when analyze families in various African tribes concluded that they saw no signs of instinctive love or meat between parents and children. It was quite normal for many children to be left to fend for themselves many were even killed as they were thought of as burdens by their parents. The researchers came to believe attachment to be a learnt process that we internalise from sight our own mothers behaviour, and if not learnt properly for example through illness or as in the tribes geek through a different set of family norms and lifestyles, then no bonding or emotional attachment can occur.In New York in 1943 Goldfarb conducted a study of orpha ns. Two multitudes of fifteen orphans were matched for age, sex and social background of their parents. The orphans of group A had been fostered before nine months old. The orphans in group B had spent at least their first three years in an orphanage before they were fostered. Goldfarb visited each child at ages three, six, eight and twelve years and measured their development with regard to intelligence, language skills, social maturity and their susceptibility to form relationships. Goldfarb found that every child in group A did better than those in group B leading to the conclusion that a normal family home is crucial to emotional and cognitive development. Critics of this study argue that the children may not have had the same intelligence to begin with and that the children in Group B did not have the stimulation of a family for as long a period as those children in Group A.Harlow Zimmerman conducted studies on a group of rhesus monkeys. Their studies consisted of isolating young monkeys for three months, six months or twelve months. The researchers concluded that the behaviour of the monkeys who had been isolated for twelve months was proportionately worse than those who had been isolated for three months. The behaviour of all the monkeys who had suffered isolation was seen to be disturbed.The same researchers also placed monkeys in a cage with replacing mothers, a doll make of wire with a feeding bottle and a doll made of wood and towelling without a feeding bottle. The monkeys spent equal amounts of time with each surrogate mother. The studies showed that the monkeys favourite(a) to cling to the towelling doll even if it meant they did not have a feeding bottle. This led the researchers to believe that warm contact is of critical importance as a need for the monkeys and leads to affectionate responses. Critics of both these studies brain the relevance of animal studies to human behaviour.Bowlbys influential theory managed to link together the evo lutionary focus of translation with the psychodynamic and behavioural importance of social relationships during infancy and childhood. (Hollin 95)A measure of its influence can be gained from the action of the World Health Organisation in 1955 stating that Permanent damage can be done to the emotional health of babies and children when put into nurseries or sent to child-minders. The WHO report had many consequences and resulted in lots of practices regarding child care and childrens needs being changed. Women were advance to stay at home and were made to feel guilty and negative mothers if the went out to work. (Which suited the government at the time, as they needed these vacated jobs for men)Family Allowance payments were also introduced as a further inducement to keep women from going out to workMaternity wards encouraged siblings to stay with their mother, whilst childrens wards encouraged mothers to stay.A main influence on social work practice was the idea that a full-gr own home is better that the best institution which resulted in less fostering and removal of children from poor if not dangerous situations at home.Bowlbys findings were influential but controversial and became the starting point for further studies. Some studies began to protest with Bowlby, Fraiberg in 1974 argued that it was possible to strengthen an attachment Parents of blind children who did not experience eye contact with their infant felt rejected and consequently were unable to develop a strong attachment to their children. When taught to interpret their childs go across movements, it was found the bond could be strengthened. Interaction was thought to be the important element in create the attachment.

Organisational Structure Essay Example for Free

Organisational Structure EssayAll organisations atomic number 18 designed to suit their objectives, role, and mission. Internal structure of an organisation is the way in which interrelated groups of an organisation be pose in a particular fashion for effective communication and best possible coordination (Wikipedia, 2006). Organisational structure plays an strategic role in day-to-day functions of an arrangement. The organisational structure of an organization will dictate the delegation of authority, work specialization, and employee insurance coverage framework. An efficient structure will facilitate decision making.A good organisational structure removes uncertainties and helps in mean for future expansion as well (Business Bureau-uk, 2002). A federation would adopt a suitable conclave of structure and control systems that atomic number 18 most effective for pursuing sustainable competitive advantage. In rise to power to coordinating strategy implementation, the r ole of structure and control is to motivate and provide incentives for superior performance. There are numerous internal and extraneous factors disturbing the way organizations structure themselves.This essay will scrutinize organisational structures of down in the mouth and medium sized organizations in different countries. An evaluation of the factors affecting these structures has as well been carried out coupled with an analysis of the response from these organizations to varying challenges. Organisational Structures Three major components of organisational structure identified by most theorists include complexity, formalisation, and centralisation (Robbins, 1987). Complexity is basically the point of differentiation that exists within an organization.Horizontal differentiation considers the degree of separation among units of the same level and vertical differentiation refers to the depth of the organizational hierarchy. A well-known way of level differentiation is the m ultidivisional (M-form) structure (Chandler, 1962). This structural form is used by firms to carry out most versatile sparing activities. Other forms of horizontal differentiation are the functional structure in which people and tasks are grouped together on the basis of their common expertise and experience.Then there are the geographical structures, which use regional basis for organizing activities, and the product division structure which has a focus on products or product groups. The second component of organisational structure is the formalisation. The formalisation refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized. If a job is highly formalized, there are explicit job descriptions, lots of organizational rules, and clearly outlined procedures. The formal organization however does not imply that the organisational structure will become inflexible.The informal organization on the other hand is any joint activity without conscious joint purpose, even though contributing to joint results (Barnard, 1964). The third component of organisational structure is the centralisation. It is defined by most theorists as the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Different Countries SMEs are generally defined as having fewer than 250 employees and less than 50 million euros in annual turnover (Cardais, 2005). SMEs play a major role in developed economies.According to the join Nations Economic Commission for europium, in 2000, 99. 8 per cent of enterprises in 19 countries in Western Europe were SMEs (Kuwayama, 2002). In the United States, small disdaines employ more than half of the labor force. The SMEs constitute 96% of the chalk up establishments and represented 69% of original employment in the US (APEC, 2006). SMEs are inherently adaptive to ever-changing market and supply environments. SMEs help in deepening managerial and entrepreneurial s kills, and are considered very piquant because of their diversity and competition in the supply of products and services.In United States, SMEs generate half of the national total sales. Most of these corporations develop market-like relationships between the different parts of their organisation. This is reflected in the greater use of the multidivisional structure form. In United States, companies are split into profit centres in pursuance of their market strategies. There is however ominous reliance on formal procedures and standardisation of organisational roles which makes Ameri elicit companies to coordinate a large diversity of economic activities.In Europe, 20 million small and medium sized enterprises comprise major chunk of the European economy. The SMEs in Eurpoe are providing around 65 million jobs. SMEs pack greater opportunities to continuously evlove their structures keeping in view their diversified role and constantly changing competitive environments. Organisati onal Structure of SMEs is very dynamic in Europe. In Germany specially, SMEs are more centralized than US companies and planning and control is more integrated (Europa, 2006).The German SMEs are characterised by a strong linkage between enterprise and owner. This close relationship strongly influences the internal structure and market strategies of the enterprises (Hauser, 2000, pp. 1-2). Factors Reshaping Organisations There are many internal and external forces that can affect an organization. Internally an organization creates its own internal structure, mission, and fiscal policies. These internal forces are designed to meet the external challenges like competitors, the economy, and the hires of the customers.All these factors are having unified impact on organizations in United States and in Europe. node demands are influencing organizational structures presently in the same manner that supply can affect demand and vice versa. Another area influencing organizational designs is the constantly changing requirements of the human resources. Surveys conducted in United States know revealed changing workforce behaviour. Changing drives for motivating workers, and getting the best out of them affects the way a company needs to organise its resources.SMEs in developed economies are influenced by e-business to a great extent, allowing them to trade general from a single website. Organisations in Europe and United States are deeply effected by the environment. The patterned advance of technology is forcing the companies to reengineer their processes. The general environment is dictating mixed bag in socio-cultural outlook of companies. With regard to the task environment, major forces play their part in reshaping organisations include competitors, customers, suppliers, regulators, and strategic allies.High performance and customer satisfaction are directly related to structural design of a company. To compete effectively, the company must avoid becoming op erated by a top-down approach. In an era of rapid change and high technology, companies are required to slip of paper centralized management controls. The environment is dictating to focus on streamlining operations, and empowering workers with the knowledge, skills and resources to do their jobs. Analysis of Response to Changing Requirements counterchange is always viewed differently by the management and the employees.Top level management perceives change as an probability to strengthen the business and to advance in their career. The employees however do not welcome the change. They consider change as disruptive and intrusive. They may worry about their ability to meet new job demands. They may think that their job security is threatened, or they may simply dislike ambiguity. Some managers may also feel threatened by the change since it may be against their self-interests. Managers so affected may bear on the change as well. But the change is inevitable. The only thing const ant in this world is the change.Organizations in Europe and United States are changing and actively adapting to their environments. Organisations in United States are structuring to small business units to tackle complex, and highly uncertain environments in the face of huge competition. Organizations whose structures are not fitted to the environment can not perform well and eventually fail (Borgatti, 1996). The changes are being made to the tools, resources, and the physical or organizational settings of the company. Organisations in Europe and United States are redesigning their structures to meet new challenges.Customers, owners, suppliers, regulators, local communities, and other employees are changing their needs constantly which are compelling the SMEs to adopt a flexible and dynamic structure. The meet of uncertainty avoidance dimension is forcing towards flexibility of jobs definition and task interchangeability which is quite visible in US and European companies nowadays (Hofstede, 1980). Conclusion The last decade of 20th century witnessed developments occurring within a frame work of rapidly expanding social and economic interdependence on a global scale.Organizations have evolved through periods of incremental or evolutionary change. The major work changes happening straight off are changes in organizational strategy, organizational structure and design, technology and human resources. In contrast to the classical scholars, most theorists today believe that there is no one best way to organize. What is important is that there be a fit between the organizations structure, its size, its technology, and the requirements of the environment including the competitors.Referenceshttp//www.actetsme.org/usa/usa98.htmhttp//www.analytictech.com/mb021/orgtheory.htmhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_structure

Role of the Government vs. Private Sector in Paying for the Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Role of the Government vs. mysterious Sector in Paying for the Health treat EssayWriting Prompt 1Table 1 Clinical united States ( mel patheticed Income Country)Somalia (Low Income Country)High life expectancy.Low life expectancy.Low death appraise rate rate.High mortality rate.Low infant mortality rate.High infant mortality rate.Low adult mortality rate.High adult mortality rate.Cause-specific morbidity and mortality (low mortality rate due to communicable, non-communicable, and injury). Cause-specific morbidity and mortality ( postgraduate mortality rate due to communicable, non-communicable, and injury). Low rate of infectious diseases (Cholera, Malaria, TB). High rate of infectious diseases (Cholera, Malaria, TB).High wellness service thwartage.Low wellness coverage.Low risk factors.High risk factors.High availability of wellness systems as regards to physicians, nurses, and hospital beds per 10,000 people. Low availability of health systems as regards to physicians, n urses, and hospital beds per 10,000 people. normal availability of generic medicines in public and private vault of heavens. Median availability of generic medicines in public and private sectors. Median consumer price ration of generic medicines in public and private sectors. Median consumer price ration of generic medicines in public and private sectors. Median age of nation = 40 old age.Median age of population = 17.5 years.Median age among adults = 55 years.Median age among adults = 30 years.Low literacy level.High literacy level.High vernacular national income per capita of $50, 120.Low gross national income per capita of $150.Little part of population living on $1 and below a day.Large part of population living on $1 and below a day.Table 2 SourcesExpected years of life at birth.Categories of national health expenditure.80 years in the United States and 51.19 years in Somalia.$2.7 trillion or $9,000 per person in the United States and $2 per person in Somalia.Role of the Government vs. Private Sector in Paying for the HealthcareFrom the info available in the table, it is evident that the role of the Government apropos the provision of health care to the citizens of the United States is a high compared to the same services in Somalia. That is, the public sector has a high responsibility to plug hire and subsidizing of hospital bills for its citizens. National health systems of these two countries differ significantly because of public and private sectors abstruse in the health docket. The Government of the United States conveys greater role in health care services startle from the provision of healthcare facilities to making relatively cheaper and available healthcare services and providing health insurance cover to all public employees. Andersen, Rice, Kominski (2011) assert that the Government also provides healthcare defrayments through Medicare and Medicaid to its citizens without favors. The Emergency Medical word and Active Labor Ac t of the US enables treatment of patients, who need emergency treatment by availing funds that cover the costs incurred in much(prenominal) instances.Public sector is the backbone of the United States as an self-supporting dry land whose values and principles are well established to ensure maximum socialadvantage. Private sector also plays a greater role in paid(a) for healthcare compared to the public sector in the United States. On the other hand, both private and public sectors play minor roles in paying for healthcare services and facilities. This is mainly because of the fact that Somalis government is non politically stable, and this also hampers private investors, which translates to governments and private sectors minor role in paying for the healthcare of its citizens. Unlike in Somalia, there is quality service assurance in many healthcare centers in the US, which ensures that proper healthcare procedures provided for the welfare of United States citizens. Besides, C apobianco Naidu (2008) opine that Somalia is a poorly develop country, whose healthcare development heavily depends on international aids to support the country. The World Health Organization reports that Somalia has high mortality rate with low life expectancy compared to the United States, which is a much more genuine nation in the globe.Data also unveils that health system physicians allocated per ten thousand people is evenhandedly good due to higher literacy level in the United States compared to Somalia. Here, both private and public sectors play a bigger role, whereby the public sector provides bountiful support to a private sector in variant ways. This also explains why there are enough hospital beds available to accommodate a bigger number of patients. The Government of the United States through its intervention ventures into necessary expenses ensures that enough healthcare facilities, such as clinics, are set up in various communities and centers in a bid to abbrev iate the risk of running into shortages. In addition, the Government of the United States in collaboration with the private sector has inexorably endeavored to support one another to pay for the healthcare and improve services in all states. send of Illness and Other Health IndicesThe United States is one of the most developed countries in the world, which means that the country has the potency to provide healthcare facilities and highly competitive healthcare services to its citizens without feeling the pinch. The country has well-developed heathland care units that range from clinics that are set up in almost every corner to bear-sized hospitals withrelevant and enough healthcare equipment and tools to meet the demand when it arises. In addition, distant in Somalia, the United States has various research centers that are involved in everyday research in a bid to baffle medical solutions to everyday problems as far as diseases are concerned. These very research institutes have e nough facilities and expertise to undertake numerous studies and develop solutions to various problems. Barton (2010) reiterates that the burden of illness in the United States is not evident due to the high investment in countrys healthcare sector. Various health indices depict the United States as a nation that can comfortably and without strain provide some free healthcare services and other subsidized services to its citizens. This is however not the case in Somalia due to deficiency of such institutions and disparity in healthcare service delivery.There are incredibly few healthcare centers in the country, and those few that are available cannot fully serve the whole population. Low mortality rate both among children and among adults, which translates into high life expectancy in the United States, clearly depicts that the burden of illness is insignificant. This is unlike in Somalia where the opposite is true. That is, life expectancy in the United States is 80 years, while it is only 51 years in Somalia. Besides, there is high health coverage in terms of provision of healthcare services that covers almost all diseases that cannot be easily treated in Somalia due to lack of expertise and facilities at the few available healthcare centers in the country. There are more risk factors conduct to high mortality rate in Somalia compared with the United States due to poor implementation of policies regarding stepping up health facilities and prevention measures to reduce the number of deaths among the Somali populace. Relationship between Payment System and Health gistThere exists a nexus between the payment system and the health burden evident in each of the two countries. That is, the health burden directly related to the payment system of these two nations in the sense that there is a bigger health burden in Somalia due to poor payment system implemented. This significantly contributes to a heavy health burden experience in this country. High mortality rate both among adults and among children as well as low life expectancy coupled with low income per capita and low illiteracylevels in Somalia are indicators of a huge health burden among countrys populace. According to Capobianco Naidu (2008), poor development in infrastructure and in relevant sectors have utterly weaken countrys potency to provide proper medical care to its citizens despite the availability of resources. Insecurity has also been among the authorize reasons hampering private investors from setting up for-profit healthcare facilities both in urban and rural areas due to physicians idolatry of loss of their dear lives.Most healthcare practitioners fear for their lives and do not want to work in an insecure environment despite the escalating health issues that are rampant in the nation. On the other hand, developed US also shows pure connection between the existing payment system and the negligible health burden. That is, country is well established healthcare se ctor has a momentous impact on the insignificant health burden. The Governments role in the healthcare sector in collaboration with the largely operated private healthcare centers in the country contributed to the bring down health burden due to the efficient payment system. There are also many private healthcare centers, which create stiff competition among themselves, which leads to reduced healthcare prices paid by individuals in a bid to access the services.ReferencesAndersen, R. M., Rice, T. H., Kominski, G. F. (2011). Changing the U.S. health care system Key issues in health services policy and management. New York John Wiley Sons. Barton, P. L. (2010). Understanding the U.S. health services system. New York Health Administration Press.Capobianco, E., Naidu, V. (2008). A review of health sector aid funding to Somalia. Washington D.C World Bank Publications.

Mother tongue education Essay Example for Free

Mother tongue education EssayMercator International Symposium atomic number 63 2004 A new framework for all languages? The right to mother tongue medium education-the hot white potato in human rights instruments Address by Dr. Tove Skutnabb-Kangas in Opening Plenary As long as we have the language, we have the culture. As long as we have the culture, we can hold on to the land. (pg. 1) In an article called Justice for sale.International law favours commercialize values, Mireille DelmasMarty (2003) discusses the danger in the conflict between intelligent concepts based on, on the one hand, oecumenical market values , on the other hand, genuinely universal non -market values. The genuinely universal non -market values obviously include individual and collective human rights, as a part of the universal common heritage of humanity.Even if philosophy of both human rights law and philosophically oriented parts of political science now start accepting that thither shouldbe normati ve rights in relation to at least some parts of this heritage (in their terminology common public assets), the profound protection of market values is incommensurably stronger than the protection of non-market values. DelmasMarty exemplifies this with the fact that there is no universal international apostrophize that individuals could turn to when their (non -market value based) human rights have been violated.Individual rights be entirely a matter for states, and reports atomic number 18 the only form of monitoring (ibid. ). And if this monitoring, which I have exemplified with the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention, does non support educational linguistic human rights strongly, there is a problem. On the other hand, laws based on market values argon being spread by more or less(prenominal) spheric organizations like the WTO (World Trade Organisation) and, it seems to me, even more dangerously, WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation) 25. These laws are being developed exceedingly rapidly, with harsh sanctions for violations.-(pg. 13) Economist Francois Grin arrive aters through his discussion of market failure in his book nearly the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (2003b) excellent arguments for resisting market dominance for public or common assets/goods like cultural products Even mainstream economics ac intimacy that there are some cases where the market is non enough. These cases are called market failure. When there is market failure, the unregulated interplay of supply and demand results in an ina ppropriate direct of production of some commodity (Grin 2003b 35).In Grins view, many public goods, including minority language protection, are typically under supplied by market forces (ibid. ). The level becomes inappropriately low. Therefore it is the duty of the state(s) to take extra measures to adjoin it. (pg. 14) Each language reflects a unique world- view and culture complex, mirroring the manner i n which a oral communication community has resolved its problems in dealing with the world, and has formulated its thinking, its system of philosophy and understanding of the world some it.In this, each language is the means of expression of the intangible cultural heritage of people, and it remains a reflection of this culture for some time even after the culture which underlies it decays and crumbles, oft under the tinge of an intrusive, powerful, usually metropolitan, different culture. However, with the death and disappearance of such a language, an irreplaceable unit in our knowledge and understanding of human thought and world- view is lost forever. (Wurm, ed. 2001 13). (pg.17) As long as a numerically small mother tongue does not give you a better job with a high salary than shifting to a numerically and politically more powerful language, there are, according to thisway of arguing, some arguments to maintain these mother tongues (and bilingualism is often not consider ed as a real option the thinking here is often either/or). (pg. 18) I have earlier (Skutnabb -Kangas in press e) claimed that most of these arguments are presented by researchers who tend to write in English and be native speakers of one of the numerically big languages themselves, often English.This does not necessarily mean that they are monolingual themselves, and many of them are global research nomads, retentiveness jobs all over the world, often making the usual rounds in rapid succession, from Britain or USA or Canada to Sydney or Singapore or Hongkong, etc. This means that these researchers have mostly never experienced that their have prevalent language has bee n threatened. It seems that many dominant language speakers are much less cognisant than dominated language speakers of the non -market values of their ownlanguages, and, consequently, of other peoples own languages.At the same time, they are often not aware (or do not want to be aware) of the market benefits th at they themselves have access to because of being speakers of dominant languages. Often they take both these benefits and the fact that others are learning their language in a non -reciprocal way, for granted, and are not willing to in any way compensate speakers of dominated languages for these non -earned benefits they are linguistic free-riders as Philippe van Parijs puts it (2003 167).This compensation would obviously be fair, even in terms of thetypes of justice that many lawyers accept. some(prenominal) researchers have started discussing issues in these economic compensation terms (e. g. Grin 2003b, 2004, van Parijs 2003). (pg. 19) Another partially lapping distinction, also made by Grin (e. g. 2003b 24-27), can be used to bridge the gap betwe en social market value and non -market value arguments.In describing arguments used to answer the question why anybody, including corporation as a whole, should bother about maintaining (minority) languages, Grin differentiates bet ween moral considerations arguments and welfare considerations arguments . Most of the legal discourse, including the linguistic human rights considerations, refer to norms about the right tolive in ones own language, even if the extent of the turn up rights is debated (ibid. 24- 25). In contrast, the emphasis of the welfare based argument is not on whether something is morally good or bad, but on whether resources are appropriately allocated.The test of an appropriate allocation of resources is whether society is better off as a result of a policy . (pg. 20) Moral or political principles, even if they are sometimes described as human rights, are not necessarily part of internationallaw. They are things that governments should do, if they are nice, not something they must do. Being nice is not a very convincing argument and is less persuasive than rights and freedoms that have the weight of the law behind them. (pg. 20)